The authors» main argument against the proven cost -
effectiveness of planned home birth is that «the lifetime costs of supporting the neurologically disabled children who will result from planned home birth» have not been factored in, nor have the supposedly increased rates of death.
They documented that the persistently high rates of emergency transport undermines patient safety and satisfaction, the raison d'etre of planned home birth, and that a comprehensive analysis undermines claims about the cost -
effectiveness of planned home birth.
Not exact matches
There was, however, an increased incidence
of adverse perinatal outcome associated with
planned birth at
home in nulliparous low risk women, resulting in the probability
of it being the most cost effective option at a cost
effectiveness threshold
of # 20000 declining to 0.63.
Incremental cost
effectiveness ratios and net benefit statistics for normal birth outcome in women at low risk
of complications according to
planned place
of birth:
home, freestanding midwifery unit (FMU), or alongside midwifery unit (AMU) with obstetric unit (OU) as reference
Overall, and for multiparous women,
planned birth at
home generated the greatest mean net benefit with a 100 % probability
of being the optimal setting across all thresholds
of cost
effectiveness when perinatal outcomes were considered.
This decision uncertainty surrounding the most cost effective option was not found for place
of birth in multiparous low risk women without complicating conditions, in whom
planned home birth had a 100 % probability
of being the most cost effective option across all thresholds
of cost
effectiveness (table 4).
This cost
effectiveness information, however, should be considered in the light
of an increased risk
of adverse perinatal outcome associated with
planned home birth in low risk nulliparous women.
Fig 2 Cost
effectiveness plane:
planned birth at
home compared with
planned birth in obstetric units for nulliparous low risk women without complicating conditions at start
of care in labour
With regards to maternal outcomes in nulliparous and multiparous women,
planned birth at
home generated the greatest mean net benefit with a 100 % probability
of being the optimal setting across all thresholds
of cost
effectiveness.
For low risk women without complicating conditions at the start
of care in labour, the mean incremental cost
effectiveness ratios associated with switches from
planned birth in obstetric unit to non-obstetric unit settings fell in the south west quadrant
of the cost
effectiveness plane (representing, on average, reduced costs and worse outcomes).25 The mean incremental cost
effectiveness ratios ranged from # 143382 (alongside midwifery units) to # 497595 (
home)(table 4 ⇓).
In this study
of the cost
effectiveness of alternative
planned places
of birth in England in women at low risk
of complications before the onset
of labour, we found that the cost
of intrapartum and after birth care, and associated related complications, was less for births
planned at
home, in a free standing midwifery unit, or in an alongside midwifery unit compared with
planned births in an obstetric unit.
This decision uncertainty surrounding the most cost effective option was not found for place
of birth in multiparous low risk women, on whom
planned home birth had a 100 % probability
of being the most cost effective option across all cost
effectiveness thresholds between # 0 and # 100000 (table 3).
Planned variation studies, in which program components, content,
home visitor training, or dosage
of services is varied, can identify core dimensions
of implementation that are critical for achieving program impacts, as well as dimensions that could be adapted for different contexts and populations without threatening the program's
effectiveness.
In
planning for MIECHV, Mathematica Policy Research, Inc., in partnership with key federal agencies under the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), launched
Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness (HomVEE) to conduct a transparent and extensive review of home visiting research and assess the quality and rigor of the evide
Home Visiting Evidence
of Effectiveness (HomVEE) to conduct a transparent and extensive review
of home visiting research and assess the quality and rigor of the evide
home visiting research and assess the quality and rigor
of the evidence.
Most recently, British Columbia Health Minister MacDiarmid, accepting the evidence
of safety, patient satisfaction and cost -
effectiveness, has announced government support for women with low - risk pregnancies to
plan a
home birth, including support for physicians to become appropriately trained to attend
home births (28).
As teachers, we are often asked to «do» a lot more than necessary: memorize standards,
plan lessons, prepare for various assessments, call
homes, provide a warm environment for our students (and visitors), attend faculty meetings with varying
effectiveness and relevance, grade mounds
of papers, and take what little time we have left to eat and sleep, usually less than we should.
• Assist the teacher in classroom activities while catering for emotional, psychological, social and cognitive needs
of physically or mentally disabled students • Provide one to one tutoring and reinforce daily lessons in small groups • Identify weak areas
of students and develop individualized lesson
plans accordingly • Supervise the children during play and lunchtime • Inculcate strong moral and social values among the students to make them responsible citizens • Facilitate the teacher in conducting various classroom activities • Maintain all teaching aids in an organized manner • Devise need - based AV aids to facilitate teaching process • Assess multiple instructional strategies for
effectiveness and change the teaching methodology as per requirement • Carefully record and gauge each student's progress and discuss the same regularly with teachers and parents • Encourage students to participate in extracurricular activities and boost their confidence in all possible ways • Communicate
home assignments clearly, mark homework and test papers • Assist students in completing classroom assignments • Maintain daily attendance and early departure records • Discuss individual cases
of individual needs and interests with teachers and parents
of the student • Develop and implement targeted instructional strategies to cater for particular needs
of each student • Observe students» behavior at playtime and chalk out a behavioral intervention
plan to address any inappropriate, violent or disruptive behavior • Operate adaptive technological equipment single - handedly • Maintain complete confidentiality
of student data • Aid physical, speech and rehabilitative therapists in their sessions and encourage the student to cooperate with them
Charted and recorded information in client files.Tracked client movement on and off the unit by documenting times and destinations
of clients.Checked facility for open windows, locked doors, malfunctioning smoke detectors and other safety hazards.Quickly responded to crisis situations when severe mental health and behavioral issues arose.Efficiently gathered information from families and social services agencies to inform development
of treatment
plans.Documented all patient information including service
plans, treatment reports and progress notes.Collaborated closely with treatment team to appropriately coordinate client care services.Developed comprehensive treatment
plans that focused on accurate diagnosis and behavioral treatment
of problems.Consulted with psychiatrists about client medication changes, issues with medicine compliance and efficacy
of medications.Organized treatment projects that focused on problem solving skills and creative thinking.Referred clients to other programs and community agencies to enhance treatment processes.Created and reviewed master treatment and discharge
plans for each client.Guided clients in understanding illnesses and treatment
plans.Developed appropriate policies for the identification
of medically - related social and emotional needs
of clients.Assisted clients in scheduling
home visits and phone calls and monitored
effectiveness of these activities.Evaluated patients for psychiatric services and psychotropic medications.Monitored patients prescribed psychotropic medications to assess the medications»
effectiveness and side effects.Evaluated patients to determine potential need to transfer to specialized inpatient mental health facilities.Administered medication to patients presenting serious risk
of danger to themselves and others.Conducted psychiatric evaluations and executed medication management for both inpatient and outpatient facilities.Led patients in individual, family, group and marital therapy sessions.Diagnosed mental health, emotional and substance abuse disorders.Recorded comprehensive patient histories and coordinated treatment
plans with multi-disciplinary team members.Consulted with and developed appropriate treatment and rehabilitation
plans for dually diagnosed patients.Referenced and used various therapy techniques, including psychodynamic, family systems, cognitive behavioral and lifespan integration psychotherapy.
FUNDING: The
Home Visiting Evidence
of Effectiveness review is funded by contract number HHSP23320095642WC / HHSP23337025T with the Office
of Planning, Research and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, US Department
of Health and Human Services.
In
planning for MIECHV, Mathematica Policy Research, Inc., in partnership with key federal agencies under the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), launched
Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness (HomVEE) to conduct a transparent and extensive review of home visiting research and assess the quality and rigor of the evide
Home Visiting Evidence
of Effectiveness (HomVEE) to conduct a transparent and extensive review
of home visiting research and assess the quality and rigor of the evide
home visiting research and assess the quality and rigor
of the evidence.
Session 3: Reviewing Your Parenting
Plan Effectiveness You will discuss the results of implementing your Parenting Plan, consider any obstacles to its success, fine - tune your plan, and rehearse your new skills so you can feel confident in using them at h
Plan Effectiveness You will discuss the results
of implementing your Parenting
Plan, consider any obstacles to its success, fine - tune your plan, and rehearse your new skills so you can feel confident in using them at h
Plan, consider any obstacles to its success, fine - tune your
plan, and rehearse your new skills so you can feel confident in using them at h
plan, and rehearse your new skills so you can feel confident in using them at
home.