Sentences with phrase «effector cells»

, Cross-reactive N - glycans of Api g 5, a high molecular weight glycoprotein allergen from celery, are required for immunoglobulin E binding and activation of effector cells from allergic patients, 2003

She demonstrated, for the first time, that the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice correlated with an enhanced pathogenicity of T effector cells and a decreased suppressive activity of Tregs.

DKO mice, however, have a decreased percentage of memory precursor cells and an increase in short - lived effector cells compared with WT mice.

«We had previously discovered that in a low interleukin - 2 environment, the TFH gene program turns on, apparently pushing effector cells to become T follicular helper cells,» Oestreich said.

Syto -59-stained C57BL / 6 CD4 + effector cells were cultured with BALB / c corneal epithelial or endothelial cells overnight.

For the candidate gene in the region, RSPO3, we demonstrated expression in key liver - resident effector cells, such as human and murine cholangiocytes and human hepatic stellate cells.

Effector cells armed with universal CARs are indifferent to healthy tissues and can reversibly be armed with targeting modules to any kind of antigen.

Skin TRM (seen in red) «sense» infections and «alarm» host tissue to recruit effector cells (green) to the skin where they contribute to viral clearance.

Different clonal memory cell populations had different B cell or macrophage helper compositions that matched effector cell populations generated much earlier in the response.

Thus, each microbe - specific naïve CD4 + T cell produces a distinctive ratio of effector cell types early in the immune response that is maintained as some cells in the clonal population become memory cells.

The orbital remodeling in TED is likely induced by infiltrating T lymphocytes and mast cells, which activate orbital fibroblast effector cells to either proliferate and form scar - producing cells called myofibroblasts or turn into pro-inflammatory fat cells.

«Just as the presence of interleukin - 2 or interleukin - 6 increases Bcl - 6 and encourages the T follicular helper cell gene program, the presence of interleukin - 7 can decrease Bcl - 6 and influence effector cells to become memory cells,» McDonald said.

«Broadly neutralizing antibodies capable of recognizing HIV - infected cells could direct effector cells to clear the latent reservoir,» Margolis said.

Autoimmune diseases occur when a group of immune cells called pro-inflammatory T - effector cells become sensitized to specific cells in the body, identifying them as foreign and attacking them as if they were invading bacteria.

His group showed that a small number of stem - cell like CD8 T cells - called «memory» cells - were enough to produce and repeatedly replenish all of the T - effector cells needed to fight the disease.

Spleen cells from naïve C57BL / 6 mice stimulated in vitro with γirradiated BALB / c spleen cells prior to the in vitro apoptosis assay did not induce apoptosis that was greater than the spontaneous apoptosis found in the medium control, thereby confirming that the in vitro boosting procedure did not induce de novo generation of anti - BALB / c effector cells.

We have also have adopted a number of lines of study into the regulation of cytokine production and effector cell responses such, as cytotoxicity, in the response of Vα14 iNKT cells to glycolipid antigens or IL - 12 from activated DCs.

Slava Stamova (Rieber, TUD)-- «Polyclonal tumor - specific activation of cytotoxic effector cells by bispecific antibody constructs» (2009)

Natural Killer cells are the primary effector cells of the innate immune response.

Priority will be given to studies that evaluate combinations of agents that induce immune deviation and / or regulation, produce effector cell depletion or exhaustion, to achieve durable clinical remission of disease.

Innate immune effector cells, including natural killer cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, have been shown to interact with cancers and inhibit their progression.

Besides their well - known function as effector cells in allergic responses, mast cells were reported to play a critical role in innate immunity and to exert important stimulatory but also suppressive functions in adaptive immune responses.

To date, researchers have focused on developing anti-CMV immunotherapy around the «fighter» cells — called CD8 T effector cells — that attack and kill virally - infected host cells.

TL1A is released by skin cells known as keratinocytes, and activates not only Tregs but also ILC2 and TH2 effector cells.

Despite maintenance of skin TRM in septic hosts (CLP), tissue - wide recruitment of effector cells was greatly diminished resulting in enhanced susceptibility to secondary skin infections.

Site - specific administration of chemokines (CXCL9 - 10) restored homing signals that were diminished in septic hosts to permit recruitment of effector cells to the skin.

These are led by activated T helper 2 (TH2) cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), together known as effector cells.

Not only are they not activated, but more TL1A is available to activate the effector cells.

The environment can actually push the effector cells towards memory.

These cells, known as effector cells, encounter and begin to destroy the specific pathogen.

«We found that the effector cells not only have both the T follicular helper cells and central memory profiles, but they also expressed receptors for two different proteins — interleukin - 6 and interleukin - 7,» Oestreich said.

As the interleukin - 2 levels drop, effector cells can turn on a protein called Bcl - 6.

In mice, humans and other mammals, those cells begin in a naïve pre-infected state, but after encountering an antigen, differentiate into large quantities of effector cells to clear an infection.

This «friendly fire» goes unchecked due to the failing of another type of immune cell: called the T - reg, which controls T - effector cells, shutting them down when they are not needed.

The in vitro boosted effector cells were washed once with HBSS and then resuspended in CRPMI and used as effector cells in the cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays (below).

The response to anti-PD-1 was restored in germ - free as well as antibiotics - treated mice by introducing a diverse microbiome, and was driven by increased entry of tumor - infiltrating lymphocytes into the tumor; specifically, CD8 + T effector cells.

So a project that we have been wanting to do for some time is to reconstruct autoimmunity in an immunocompromised mouse by putting in the target cells (beta cells), the effector cells (the immune system) and the educating cells (thymic epithelia).

The cross-linkage of effector and target cell will activate the effector cell.

Effector and target modules together form a novel platform which allows us to engage target cells (e.g. tumor cells, virus infected cells) directly with immune effector cells.

Our major goals are to develop and optimize novel tools for retargeting of immune effector cells.