Sentences with phrase «effector responses»

Whereas acute CD8 + T cell effector responses are enhanced in DGKζ - deficient mice postinfection with intracellular pathogens, persistent memory formation is impaired, most dramatically when both DGKζ and DGKα, the other isoform of DGK that metabolizes DAG downstream of the TCR in T cells, are deleted (35, 36).

The immune effector response is sub-optimal because tumors develop multifactorial strategies to escape immune deletion 181, 182.

DKO CD8 + T cells demonstrate a strong effector response but altered memory differentiation and maintenance after LCMV infection.

Not exact matches

Different clonal memory cell populations had different B cell or macrophage helper compositions that matched effector cell populations generated much earlier in the response.

In this pathway, dopamine - and an adenosine 3 ′, 5 ′ - monophosphate (cAMP)-- regulated phospho - protein of 32 kilodaltons (DARPP - 32) is phosphorylated or dephosphorylated at three sites, in a pattern predicted to cause a synergistic inhibition of protein phosphatase — 1 and concomitant regulation of its downstream effector proteins glycogen synthesis kinase — 3 (GSK - 3), cAMP response element — binding protein (CREB), and c - Fos.

Toxoplasma effector MAF1 mediates recruitment of host mitochondria and impacts the host response.

Their results demonstrate that specific rhoptry and dense granule effector proteins that T. gondii secretes before and after host cell invasion, respectively, control the development of an effective host antitumor response, and increase the survival of mice with ovarian tumors.

Partial activation of the yeast pheromone response pathway by beta - adrenergic receptor agonists was achieved in cells coexpressing h beta - AR and a mammalian G protein (Gs) alpha subunit - demonstrating that these components can couple to each other and to downstream effectors when expressed in yeast.

Relative importance of rotavirus - specific effector and memory B cell responses in protection against challenge.

Elite controllers with low to absent effector CD8 + T cell responses maintain highly functional, broadly directed central memory responses.

The HZI will develop a vaccination protocol for mucosal administration based on three novel strategies: (i) development and optimization of a vaccination protocol in which parenterally - primed T and B cells are subsequently pulled into the mucosa by the local delivery of the cognate antigen to the requested effector site, (ii) testing the co-administration of antigens with novel mucosal adjuvants using different mucosal immunisation routes and schedules, and (iii) testing various nanoparticles co-administered with different immunomodulators for their ability to generate both systemic and mucosal immune responses following transcutaneous / trans - follicular vaccination.

We have also have adopted a number of lines of study into the regulation of cytokine production and effector cell responses such, as cytotoxicity, in the response of Vα14 iNKT cells to glycolipid antigens or IL - 12 from activated DCs.

Using JanusMatrix, we have identified T cell epitopes in H7N9 influenza HA protein that are highly conserved with human genome epitopes, and these epitopes possess low immunogenicity, activate natural Tregs and suppress bystander effector T cell responses in vitro.

Of special interest were ICOS, whose «role in effector T cell responses and anti-tumor immune responses is now well established,» and CD40, which is «important for the maturation of antigen - presenting cells and for enabling T cell co-stimulation.»

She is registred to the National Order of Biologists in the province of Palermo; collaboration in research project from 2012 to 2015 at the Department of Biopathology and Biotechnology, University of Palermo, focusing the study on the identification of molecules capable to modulate intracellular metabolic pathways for the prevention and treatment of infectious, tumor and degenerative disease, in collaboration with Prof. Angela Santoni, University of Rome; collaboration in research project in 2011 at the hospital «Villa Sofia Cervello» of Palermo to study methods can cure the genetic defect that causes thalassemia through genetic engineering; she studies different mechanisms of the differentiation and the activation of human gammadelta T cells as effector cells of the immune response against cancer and infectious diseases; she investigates about the identification and development of biomarkers of resistance and susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection; Valentina Orlando has published 13 papers in peer reviewed journals and 3 comunications at national and international congress.

IFN - γ production is one of the primary effector functions of activated CD8 T cells in response to LCMV infection, and has been shown to be a key component of mortality in the naive mouse model of FHL2 (8).

Antibodies are key effector molecules in health and disease as they harbor the ability to recognize specific molecular structures and, consequently, elicit immune responses.

One host effector that may influence carcinogenesis in response to H. pylori is MMP - 7, a matrix metalloproteinase that enhances tumor formation in rodents, and is over-expressed in premalignant and malignant lesions within H. pylori - infected human mucosa.

Therefore the group studies with sophisticated imaging technology in vitro and ex vivo: i) the molecular mechanism driving the migration of HIV through the intestinal epithelial barrier; ii) the cellular targets in the mucosa, in specific macrophages and DCs, to identify the possible pathways to invade the tissue and disseminate to other organs; iii) the involvement of DCs and their functional properties in mediating adaptive immune responses at mucosal level; and iv) the role of antibodies with different effector functions in changing the pathways of the virus.

This response is called effector - triggered immunity, or ETI, and ultimately results in the plant killing off its own affected cells to prevent the bacteria from replicating and spreading.

Whereas when an effector is detected inside the plant cell, the plant knows for sure it is being attacked and it activates ETI, a very strong immune response,» said co-author Greg Martin, the Boyce Schulze Downey Professor at BTI.

Background: Many pathogens secrete effector molecules to subvert host immune responses, to acquire nutrients, and / or to prepare host cells for invasion.

Because the same pool of naïve T cells can differentiate into inflammatory effector T cells or inhibitory Tregs, generation of immune responses requires promoting the differentiation of inflammatory T cells while reciprocally inhibiting the formation of Tregs.

Besides their well - known function as effector cells in allergic responses, mast cells were reported to play a critical role in innate immunity and to exert important stimulatory but also suppressive functions in adaptive immune responses.

One can also entertain the interesting possibility that, in skeletal muscle, this substrate cycling is also activated in response to other hormones and neurotransmitters (eg, adiponectin, catecholamines) particularly since adiponectin, as well as adrenergic agonists, can also stimulate AMPK activity, glucose utilization and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle or adipose tissue.61, 66 — 69 This substrate cycling between de novo lipogenesis and lipid oxidation could therefore constitute a thermogenic effector in skeletal muscle.

Requejo R, Tena M. Influence of glutathione chemical effectors in the response of maize to arsenic exposure.