Sentences with phrase «effectors in»

Requejo R, Tena M. Influence of glutathione chemical effectors in the response of maize to arsenic exposure.

Tcf3 and Tcf1 are two key effectors in the pathway, and are essential in this process (Lluis et al., PNAS 2011; Ombrato et al., Cell Cycle 2012; Aulicino et al., Stem Cell Report 2014).

Major areas of activity in our lab include 1) identification and characterization of Sgenes, 2) genomic analyses to identify the diversity of TAL effectors in pathogen populations and understand their evolution, and 3) structural and biochemical studies to better harness the unique properties of these proteins for applications such as targeted gene regulation and genome editing.

Huynh, T.N., Santini, E., and Klann, E. (2014) Requirment of mammaliant target of rapamycin complex 1 downstream effectors in cued fear memory reconsolidation and its persistence.

For the past 20 years, he has identified and characterized several important naturally occurring TAL effectors in the rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae for their disease promoting ability, and most recently he has helped harness the disease - causing TAL effectors for targeted gene editing.

PKA and actin play critical roles as downstream effectors in MRP4 - mediated regulation of fibroblast migration.

Hunt for ceramide trafficking machinery and effectors in cells.

Histone Deacetylase 6 Is a FoxO Transcription Factor - dependent Effector in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

One can also entertain the interesting possibility that, in skeletal muscle, this substrate cycling is also activated in response to other hormones and neurotransmitters (eg, adiponectin, catecholamines) particularly since adiponectin, as well as adrenergic agonists, can also stimulate AMPK activity, glucose utilization and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle or adipose tissue.61, 66 — 69 This substrate cycling between de novo lipogenesis and lipid oxidation could therefore constitute a thermogenic effector in skeletal muscle.

If that is the case then how can CO2 emissions be an effector in global warming if it is CO2 parts that make up global dimming?

Not exact matches

Our research enhances the traditional understanding of the plant defense system and describes a new concept describing how plants protect themselves against the pathogens that grow in the space outside plant cells (the apoplast)-- a new concept called effector - triggered defense or ETD.»

Site - specific administration of chemokines (CXCL9 - 10) restored homing signals that were diminished in septic hosts to permit recruitment of effector cells to the skin.

The paper «Effector - triggered defense against apoplastic fungal pathogens» is published online at Trends in Plant Science.

Skin TRM (seen in red) «sense» infections and «alarm» host tissue to recruit effector cells (green) to the skin where they contribute to viral clearance.

The elevation in thermoregulatory set - point means that the previous «normal body temperature» is considered hypothermic, and effector mechanisms kick in.

In reaction to infection or inflammation, immune system cells known as effector T cells (Teffs) undergo rapid changes - arming themselves and diversifying into groups that target specific diseased cells.

Different clonal memory cell populations had different B cell or macrophage helper compositions that matched effector cell populations generated much earlier in the response.

In this pathway, dopamine - and an adenosine 3 ′, 5 ′ - monophosphate (cAMP)-- regulated phospho - protein of 32 kilodaltons (DARPP - 32) is phosphorylated or dephosphorylated at three sites, in a pattern predicted to cause a synergistic inhibition of protein phosphatase — 1 and concomitant regulation of its downstream effector proteins glycogen synthesis kinase — 3 (GSK - 3), cAMP response element — binding protein (CREB), and c - FoIn this pathway, dopamine - and an adenosine 3 ′, 5 ′ - monophosphate (cAMP)-- regulated phospho - protein of 32 kilodaltons (DARPP - 32) is phosphorylated or dephosphorylated at three sites, in a pattern predicted to cause a synergistic inhibition of protein phosphatase — 1 and concomitant regulation of its downstream effector proteins glycogen synthesis kinase — 3 (GSK - 3), cAMP response element — binding protein (CREB), and c - Foin a pattern predicted to cause a synergistic inhibition of protein phosphatase — 1 and concomitant regulation of its downstream effector proteins glycogen synthesis kinase — 3 (GSK - 3), cAMP response element — binding protein (CREB), and c - Fos.

For instance, in autoimmune disease, effector T cells are overly activated and cause damage to body.

«My part of it was basically to identify what gene was being activated by a particular effector from the bacteria in order to cause disease,» he said.

These effector proteins and other small molecules in their spit cause the root cell to forego normal processes and create a huge feeding site called a syncytium.

We suspect that this «junk» HIV can act as a decoy and draw attention away from the «real» virus hiding in the effector memory T - cells,» she said.

The orbital remodeling in TED is likely induced by infiltrating T lymphocytes and mast cells, which activate orbital fibroblast effector cells to either proliferate and form scar - producing cells called myofibroblasts or turn into pro-inflammatory fat cells.

«Previously it was thought that HIV was hiding primarily in central memory T - cells, but our new HIV genetic sequencing test has revealed that the majority of replication - competent virus is actually hiding in effector memory T - cells.

Effector memory T - cells are the cells in the body that «remember» previous infections and how to defeat them.

However, it is this small proportion of virus that hides in the effector memory T - cells and stops the immune system from fully destroying the virus and eliminating it from the body.

We identified distinct clusters of CD4 - CTL effector and precursor cells in the TEMRA subset; the precursor cells shared TCR clonotypes with CD4 - CTL effectors and were distinguished by high expression of the interleukin - 7 receptor.

Single - cell differential gene expression analysis revealed a spectrum of known transcripts, including several linked to cytotoxic and costimulatory function that are expressed at higher levels in the TEMRA (effector memory T cells expressing CD45RA) subset, which is highly enriched for CD4 - CTLs, compared with CD4 + T cells in the central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM) subsets.

«We had previously discovered that in a low interleukin - 2 environment, the TFH gene program turns on, apparently pushing effector cells to become T follicular helper cells,» Oestreich said.

Partial activation of the yeast pheromone response pathway by beta - adrenergic receptor agonists was achieved in cells coexpressing h beta - AR and a mammalian G protein (Gs) alpha subunit - demonstrating that these components can couple to each other and to downstream effectors when expressed in yeast.

In their models, abatacept reduced the proliferation and activation of effector T cells.

TAL effectors are produced in nature by certain bacteria that infect plants and are able to bind to specific sequences in the plant DNA, thereby neutralizing the plant's defense mechanisms.

In many cases the damage is caused by a particular group of immune cells called effector memory T - cells.

The final component in this long series of signal sequences is the Yorkie effector protein that is the decisive factor at the end of the Hippo signaling pathway and determines the start of reactivation, growth, and division in the stem cells.

Calmodulin (CaM) is a major effector for the intracellular actions of Ca2 + in nearly all cell types.

Previous research has already shown that the protein YscU plays an important part in the regulation of effector protein transportation.

«And although synoviocytes are considered the main effectors of cartilage damage in rheumatoid arthritis there's no therapy directed against them.»

A recent paper in the experimental biology publication The FASEB Journal describes how peptides found in hookworms inhibit the proliferation of effector memory T cells, which, unlike regulatory T cells, can actually trigger inflammation.

«BOK is an effector of mitochondrial apoptosis that appears to work in a different way to known proteins that initiate mitchondrial cell death,» said Fabien Llambi, Research Laboratory Specialist at St. Jude and the first author of the paper.

This study shows how exhausted T cells do not maintain a durable switch to an effector T cell profile, although in the clinic, checkpoint inhibitors are well tolerated and their side effects such as autoimmunity are usually manageable.

The attraction of large - scale compound screening for life science researchers lies mainly in the technical challenge of assay design and the use of small - molecule effectors for hypothesis - driven research.

Further insight into the basic details of CRISPR - Cas structure, functions, and biology — and characterization of new Cas effector proteins in particular — is crucial for optimizing and further expanding the diverse applications of CRISPR - Cas systems.

Whereas most type III pathogens wield no more than 20 effectors, Southern wilt is well armed with 60 to 80, Boucher reports in the 31 January issue of Nature.

These findings suggested that exhausted T cells are a distinct lineage of T cells in and of themselves instead of just being effector or memory T cells restrained by checkpoint pathways.

According to Dr. Gaffield, the sophisticated behavior tasks, used in combination with genetic reporters and effectors of activity, have opened up the possibility of studying cerebellar circuits during voluntary movement at an unprecedented level of quantitation.

The phenotype of NP cells generated ex vivo (Figure S8) closely resembles that of central memory CD4 + T cells found in vivo, which persist for years in secondary lymphoid organs and can differentiate into effector memory CD4 + T cells [45].

However, all in all, a lot of basic research still needs to be carried out to fully understand the disease process: XopH is only one of a total of more than 35 effector proteins that bacteria inject into plants to colonise them.

Relative importance of rotavirus - specific effector and memory B cell responses in protection against challenge.

In their earlier work, the Halle lab already proved that the bacteria introduce numerous harmful proteins, so - called effectors, into plant cells via a specialised secretion system which works like a molecular syringe.

She demonstrated, for the first time, that the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice correlated with an enhanced pathogenicity of T effector cells and a decreased suppressive activity of Tregs.