Higher quality programs like Perry Preschool and Abecedarian produce the highest quality outcomes, but less intensive programs still have significant beneficial
effects for disadvantaged children and society.
Not exact matches
But preliminary results already show powerful gap - closing
effects for Educare students: If
disadvantaged children enter Educare before their first birthday, they usually are, by the first day of kindergarten, essentially caught up with the national average on tests of basic knowledge and language comprehension, as well as on measures of noncognitive factors like attachment, initiative, and self - control.
The net
effect of this not - thought - through policy is that, in many cases,
children from rich and affluent homes who attend some of the best private schools
for their primary education will be the beneficiaries of this scholarships, and
children of less endowed schools and remote villages and towns will be
disadvantaged.
- GDP per capita is still lower than it was before the recession - Earnings and household incomes are far lower in real terms than they were in 2010 - Five million people earn less than the Living Wage - George Osborne has failed to balance the Budget by 2015, meaning 40 % of the work must be done in the next parliament - Absolute poverty increased by 300,000 between 2010/11 and 2012/13 - Almost two - thirds of poor
children fail to achieve the basics of five GCSEs including English and maths - Children eligible for free school meals remain far less likely to be school - ready than their peers - Childcare affordability and availability means many parents struggle to return to work - Poor children are less likely to be taught by the best teachers - The education system is currently going through widespread reform and the full effects will not be seen for some time - Long - term youth unemployment of over 12 months is nearly double pre-recession levels at around 200,000 - Pay of young people took a severe hit over the recession and is yet to recover - The number of students from state schools and disadvantaged backgrounds going to Russell Group universities has flatlined for
children fail to achieve the basics of five GCSEs including English and maths -
Children eligible for free school meals remain far less likely to be school - ready than their peers - Childcare affordability and availability means many parents struggle to return to work - Poor children are less likely to be taught by the best teachers - The education system is currently going through widespread reform and the full effects will not be seen for some time - Long - term youth unemployment of over 12 months is nearly double pre-recession levels at around 200,000 - Pay of young people took a severe hit over the recession and is yet to recover - The number of students from state schools and disadvantaged backgrounds going to Russell Group universities has flatlined for
Children eligible
for free school meals remain far less likely to be school - ready than their peers - Childcare affordability and availability means many parents struggle to return to work - Poor
children are less likely to be taught by the best teachers - The education system is currently going through widespread reform and the full effects will not be seen for some time - Long - term youth unemployment of over 12 months is nearly double pre-recession levels at around 200,000 - Pay of young people took a severe hit over the recession and is yet to recover - The number of students from state schools and disadvantaged backgrounds going to Russell Group universities has flatlined for
children are less likely to be taught by the best teachers - The education system is currently going through widespread reform and the full
effects will not be seen
for some time - Long - term youth unemployment of over 12 months is nearly double pre-recession levels at around 200,000 - Pay of young people took a severe hit over the recession and is yet to recover - The number of students from state schools and
disadvantaged backgrounds going to Russell Group universities has flatlined
for a decade
Also in line with current studies is the report's finding that «
for any groups whether minority or not, the
effect of good teachers is greatest upon the
children who suffer most educational
disadvantage in their background, and that a given investment in upgrading teacher quality will have most
effect on achievement in underprivileged areas.»
For example, in describing the results of Title I, Jennings concludes, «In a nutshell, the billions of dollars spent on Title I had at best a modest
effect on the academic achievement of the
disadvantaged students who participated in the program...» On No
Child Left Behind (NCLB), he writes, «So it truly was a mixed bag.
The Pupil Development Grant (PDG) helps schools tackle the
effects of poverty and
disadvantage on attainment and is targeted at learners who are eligible
for Free School Meals or are Looked After
Children.
The
effects are particularly large
for disadvantaged students, English learners, special education students, and
children who enter charters with low test scores.
Some studies show slightly larger
effects for younger
children and pupils from
disadvantaged backgrounds.
The paper from the University of Maryland's Melissa Kearney and Wellesley College's Phillip Levine finds that the show has left
children more likely to stay at the appropriate grade level
for their age, an
effect that is particularly pronounced among boys, African Americans and
children who grow up in
disadvantaged areas.
There is a «word - gap» between
disadvantaged children and their better - off peers by the age of five, and evidence shows it «has a long term
effect on educational outcomes», the Department
for Education said.
Research continually shows that high quality pre-k can substantially improve the life course
for disadvantaged children, thus it is important to hold the expansion districts accountable not only
for sustaining high quality programs, but also
for having positive long - term
effects
The social foundations of
children's mental and physical health and well - being are threatened by climate change because of:
effects of sea level rise and decreased biologic diversity on the economic viability of agriculture, tourism, and indigenous communities; water scarcity and famine; mass migrations; decreased global stability46; and potentially increased violent conflict.47 These
effects will likely be greatest
for communities already experiencing socioeconomic
disadvantage.48
In general, the research shows that home visiting programs have the greatest, albeit still modest,
effect on parents» support
for children's learning and in reducing the prevalence of
child maltreatment, but that these
effects are strongest
for the most
disadvantaged program participants.
Peacock et al 30 examined the
effects of home visits
for disadvantaged families with
children aged 0 — 6 years and found improved
child development outcomes when the intervention was implemented early.
In general, the research shows that home visiting programs have the greatest, albeit modest,
effect on parents» support
for children's learning and in reducing the prevalence of
child maltreatment, but that these
effects are strongest
for the most
disadvantaged program participants.
Parenting skills and a variety of family risk factors are influenced by the
effects of
disadvantage, meaning that Indigenous
children are more likely to miss out on the crucial early childhood development opportunities that are required
for positive social, educational, health and employment outcomes later in life.
The evaluation of the early
effects (short - run) of SSLP found mixed
effects, with beneficial
effects for some groups, but adverse
effects for children from families with higher needs and experiencing greater
disadvantage.3 Results from the second phase of the evaluation were more positive.
This study evaluated the early
effects of Commmunities
for Children (CfC) on children and their families and whether the effectiveness differed for more disadvantaged f
Children (CfC) on
children and their families and whether the effectiveness differed for more disadvantaged f
children and their families and whether the effectiveness differed
for more
disadvantaged families.
Many trials used volunteers or people selected by referrers as willing to take part in parenting projects, thus excluding many disorganised, unmotivated, or
disadvantaged families, who have the most antisocial
children.2 A review of meta - analyses of published trials of psychological treatments
for childhood disorders found that in university settings the
effect size was large, from 0.71 to 0.84 SD.12 In contrast, a review of six studies of outcome in regular service clinics since 1950 showed no significant
effects, 12 and a large trial offering unrestricted access to outpatient services found no improvement.13 Reasons suggested
for the poor outcome in clinic cases include that they have more severe problems, come from more distressed families, and receive less empirically supported interventions from staff with heavier caseloads.
• to describe the lives of
children in Ireland, in order to establish what is typical and normal as well as what is atypical and problematic; • to chart the development of
children over time, in order to examine the progress and wellbeing of
children at critical periods from birth to adulthood; • to identify the key factors that, independently of others, most help or hinder
children's development; • to establish the
effects of early childhood experiences on later life; • to map dimensions of variation in
children's lives; • to identify the persistent adverse
effects that lead to social
disadvantage and exclusion, educational difficulties, ill health and deprivation; • to obtain
children's views and opinions on their lives; • to provide a bank of data on the whole
child; and to provide evidence
for the creation of effective and responsive policies and services
for children and families; • to provide evidence
for the creation of effective and responsive policies and services
for children and families.
Our GUS finding
for family socio - economic
disadvantage (as indicated here by lower parental education) ties in with the negative
effect of low family socio - economic status on the quality of both mothers» and fathers» relations with three year - old
children in another large birth cohort, the UK Millennium Cohort Study (Malmberg & Flouri, 2011).
Parenting is a proximal variable in the causal pathway to adverse outcomes in childhood and adolescence, of which material
disadvantage and economic hardship are distal variables.32 Behavioural problems and temper tantrums among young
children have been shown to increase as a result of parenting changes associated with economic hardship.33 Economic deprivation has also been associated with decreased respect
for the father and increased dependence on peer group
for adolescent boys, and lowered feelings of self adequacy and reduced goal aspirations
for adolescent girls.15 Economic hardship appears to have direct and indirect
effects on adolescent functioning.
Recent research by Professor Heckman and colleagues has shown dramatic long - term health
effects of early interventions
for disadvantaged children that incorporate early education, nutrition and health.
Although adverse consequences of poverty
for children are documented widely, little is understood about the mechanisms through which the
effects of poverty
disadvantage young
children.
Third, given that socioeconomically
disadvantaged families are at particular risk
for less appropriate health service use, it was expected that
effects of family
disadvantage on
children's service usage would be moderated by parenting behaviors.