had almost unanimously found modest positive
effects from school choice, which raises the obvious question: what makes the Louisiana Scholarship Program (LSP) so different?
Last week, Mike Petrilli, President of the Thomas B. Fordham Institute, published a series of blog posts at the Education Gadfly and Education Next critiquing an AEI study by Dr. Collin Hitt, Dr. Michael McShane, and myself discussing the surprising disconnect between the achievement and attainment
effects from school choice programs in the US.
One develops a theoretical hypothesis, such as «The achievement
effects from school choice evaluations reliably predict their attainment effects.»
Previous gold standard studies had almost unanimously found modest positive
effects from school choice, which raises the obvious question: what makes the Louisiana Scholarship Program (LSP) so different?
Not exact matches
However, if the concentration of minority or low - income students in a
school results
from the purposeful
choices of parents rather than
from neighborhood segregation, the adverse
effects may be fewer.
These studies show, consistently, that parental
schools of
choice not controlled by public
school districts 1) are usually prohibited by law
from screening out students based on admission exams, 2) use ability tracking less frequently than traditional public
schools even when, legally, they can, and 3) may use ability tracking, but when they do, it is less likely to have a negative
effect on the achievement of low - track students.
In fact, there is substantial evidence that escape
from the harmful
effects of ability tracking in the district
schools is a major factor driving disadvantaged families to charter
schools and private
school choice.
Let's briefly review the results
from the three rigorous examinations of the
effect of private
school choice on educational attainment.
The most commonly cited
school choice review, by economists Cecilia Rouse and Lisa Barrow, declares that it will focus on the evidence
from existing experimental studies but then leaves out four such studies (three of which reported positive
choice effects) and includes one study that was non-experimental (and found no significant
effect of
choice).
Schneider and his colleagues believe that consumer
choice in
schooling can have positive
effects on education quality, and they support their belief with test score data
from New York City.
Competition
from Sweden's private
school choice program has a positive
effect on student achievement in both public and private
schools.
Given a half - century of failure
from school reform, great priority should be given to the further study of the
effects of
school choice in empowering parents over educators and
school boards and its
effects on advancing student achievement and parent satisfaction.
There is now a body of evidence on the
effects of
school choice: the positive findings
from Charlotte comport with the positive results of privately funded programs in New York; Washington, D.C.; and Dayton, as well as pilot voucher programs in Milwaukee and Cleveland.
Statewide programs in Florida, Louisiana, and Ohio, however, already have demonstrated clear positive
effects on the achievement of students who remain in public
schools, confirming Caroline Hoxby's claim (see «Rising Tide,» features, Winter 2001) that competition
from choice generates «a rising tide that lifts all boats.»
The achievement
effects from school -
choice experiments follow a consistent pattern.
In our study we draw upon the findings
from 24 evaluations of various types of
school choice programs to show that the achievement
effects from those programs are only weakly and inconsistently predictive of their subsequent attainment
effects.
These reports were notable as they were the first to find negative
effects resulting
from private
school choice.
Competition
from the
Choice program appears to have boosted the test scores of students who remained in Milwaukee Public
Schools (MPS), but those systemic
effects of the program were modest in size.
That is true, and while we have numerous studies establishing positive competitive
effects on district
schools from choice programs, few states have
choice programs going at a scale to place a large amount of pressure on district enrolments.
«The reality is that we've had very small expansions in the use of market forces, so, not surprisingly, we've had modest
effects from choice programs,» writes Jay P. Greene, head of the Department of Education Reform at the University of Arkansas, in Why America Needs School Choice (a book that arrived in the midst of the 2011 acti
choice programs,» writes Jay P. Greene, head of the Department of Education Reform at the University of Arkansas, in Why America Needs
School Choice (a book that arrived in the midst of the 2011 acti
Choice (a book that arrived in the midst of the 2011 activity).
The national report compiles results
from rigorous empirical studies that examine the academic outcomes of
school choice students, the academic
effect of competition on public
schools, the fiscal impact of
school choice on taxpayers and government, racial segregation in
schools and the
effect of
school choice on civic values and practices.
Louisiana's regulations were intended to prevent bad
schools from participating in the
choice program, but they are having the opposite
effect.
The
Effect of Winning a First -
choice School Entry Lottery on Student Performance: Evidence
from a Natural Experiment1
An additional comparison
school sample of 13 small
schools of
choice with a focus other than STEM is being used to help disentangle the
effects of a STEM - focused program
from those of small
school size and
school choice.
To demonstrate the potential impact of
school choice on state budgets, this paper draws
from legislative and independent evaluations of the fiscal
effects of such programs in the states that have enacted or are contemplating enacting them.
From our perspective, the religion issues are vital, because where school choice has the most potential policy benefit is in America's inner cities, where the public schools range from mediocre to wretched, and where school reform has been going on for some 30 years, with no visible eff
From our perspective, the religion issues are vital, because where
school choice has the most potential policy benefit is in America's inner cities, where the public
schools range
from mediocre to wretched, and where school reform has been going on for some 30 years, with no visible eff
from mediocre to wretched, and where
school reform has been going on for some 30 years, with no visible
effect.
My Findings Using data
from the High
School Longitudinal study of 2009 (HSLS 09) and the above methodology, I indeed found that when initially looking at the relationship of participation in a school choice program and student learning, there exists a positive effect for students of low socioeconomic s
School Longitudinal study of 2009 (HSLS 09) and the above methodology, I indeed found that when initially looking at the relationship of participation in a
school choice program and student learning, there exists a positive effect for students of low socioeconomic s
school choice program and student learning, there exists a positive
effect for students of low socioeconomic status.
My hypotheses going in to this study is that when first looking at
choice schools on student achievement I would see a positive
effect because of selection bias; I expected that the students in
choice schools would be systematically different
from those in traditional public
school due to parental factors that affected their selection of a
choice program.
Karthik Muralidharan and Venkatesh Sundararaman, «The Aggregate
Effect of
School Choice: Evidence
from a Two - Stage Experiment in India,» National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series, no. 19441 (2013).
We know
from the body of
school choice research on the experimental
effects on test scores that short term test scores may not be predictive of long term achievement or attainment.