Sentences with phrase «effects of aerosols compared»

Not exact matches

They also compared global estimates of aerosol effects on the Earth's climate using two of the parameterizations.

In summary the findings to date indicate that the effect of cosmic rays on cloud formation is small compared to the large variations in natural biogenic aerosol emissions.

The effect on global - mean temperature of assuming a large value for indirect aerosol forcing (viz. − 1.8 W / m2 in 2005, the 95th percentile value according to the IPCC AR4) compared with temperatures for the central indirect forcing estimate (− 0.7 W / m2) and a less extreme maximum of − 1.1 W / m2.

Urban heat island - The relative warmth of a city compared with surrounding rural areas, associated with changes in runoff, the concrete jungle effects on heat retention, changes in surface albedo, changes in pollution and aerosols, and so on.

And what exactly would be changed, if the public were educated about aerosols and greenhouse gases and temperature histories and the fact that at least 50 % of the 0.5 - 0.9 C change compared to 200 years ago is with 90 to 99 % likelihood due to the net effect of anthropogenic factors?

However, this study focused on the warming effects of black carbon, and did not compare them to the cooling effects of atmospheric aerosols.

I would be happier if they compared what they believe the relative effects of CO2 and aerosols to be, then run these values through the known CO2 / Dust levels in the ice cores.The higher the value that aerosols cool, the less sensitive the planet is to CO2.

Model simulations of the Asian monsoon project that the sulphate aerosols» direct effect reduces the magnitude of precipitation change compared with the case of only greenhouse gas increases (Emori et al., 1999; Roeckner et al., 1999; Lal and Singh, 2001).

Yes, it seems huge compared effects of increasing CO2 Abstract: «The 340 nm LER is highly correlated with cloud and aerosol cover becauseof the low surface reflectivity of the land and oceans (typically 2 to 6RU, where 1RU = 0.01 = 1.0 %) relative to the much higher reflectivity of clouds plus aerosols (typically 10 to 90RU).

shows that natural VOC induced aerosols above the boundary layer are mostly of natural origin (7:1), and comprise a 2:1 up to > 10:1 amount, compared to SOx (SO2 + sulfate) aerosols in the 0.5 - 10 km free troposphere, or 10 % of the total aerosol optical depth measured by satellites... Add to that the effect below the boundary layer and the effect of other natural aerosols (natural fires, sea salt, sand dust, DMS, NOx), good for some 38 % of the < 1 micron fraction of total aerosols (according to IPCC estimates)...

For atmospheric aerosol, this shape factor is usually not strongly different from one; its effect is usually assumed negligible compared to the effect of particle size, which covers several orders of magnitude.