Sentences with phrase «effects of aerosols on»

This section assesses (1) the impact of meteorological (climatic) factors like wind, temperature and precipitation on the natural aerosol burden and (2) possible effects of aerosols on climate parameters and biogeochemistry.

These agents include tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, all of the non-sulphate aerosols, the indirect effects of aerosols on cloud albedo and lifetime, the effects of land use and solar variability.

Other types of forcing that vary across the ensemble include solar variability, the indirect effects of aerosols on clouds and the effects of land use change on land surface albedo and other land surface properties (Table 10.1).

effects of aerosols on cloud properties (including cloud fraction, cloud microphysical parameters, and precipitation efficiency), which may modify the hydrological cycle without significant radiative impacts;

Considering the surface radiative forcing may enable quantification of the effects of aerosols on the surface

The effects of aerosols on the climate are a problem for the L&S model, as the authors almost admit in the paper:

However, given the sensitivity of the Arctic to external forcing and the intense interest in the effects of aerosols on its climate, it is important to examine and quantify the effects of individual groups of anthropogenic forcing agents.

Here is a quick summary of the issue: The effects of aerosols on clouds consist of three linked elements.

To evaluate the global effects of aerosols on the direct radiative balance, tropospheric chemistry, and cloud properties of the earth's atmosphere requires high - precision remote sensing that is sensitive to the aerosol optical thickness, size istribution, refractive index, and number density.

In models that include indirect effects, different treatments of the indirect effect are used, including changing the albedo of clouds according to an off - line calculation (e.g., Tett et al., 2002) and a fully interactive treatment of the effects of aerosols on clouds (e.g., Stott et al., 2006b).

This mis - representation and can have significant ramifications for estimating the direct and indirect effects of aerosols on climate.

This is one of the best examples of why aerosol mixing state is so important for modeling the effect of aerosols on climate.

Re: Step # 2 and the effect of aerosols on low cloud.

These forcings are spatially heterogeneous and include the effect of aerosols on clouds and associated precipitation [e.g., Rosenfeld et al., 2008], the influence of aerosol deposition (e.g., black carbon (soot)[Flanner et al. 2007] and reactive nitrogen [Galloway et al., 2004]-RRB-, and the role of changes in land use / land cover [e.g., Takata et al., 2009].

Here are a few of the problems that need to be worked out: There's the issue of the effect of the aerosols on stratospheric chemistry (think how unanticipated the chemistry of the Ozone Hole was), and the question of just where the aerosols would go once injected.

Better understanding of the effect of aerosols on Earth's climate in the past can help climate scientist make better predictions of climate change trends in the future, the researchers said.

The effect of aerosols on cloud fraction that Gryspeerdt et al 2016 refer to is the cloud lifetime effect, also known as the Albrecht effect!

Not exact matches

Even without the complicating effects of aerosols, things aren't that simple on Earth.

In this paper, UCR and Forest Service researchers teamed up to explore a previously unstudied aspect of nitrogen saturation: its effect on the gases and aerosols released during burning of forest fuels from an area experiencing nitrogen saturation.

Besides SSCE, scientists have also been investigating stratospheric sulfur injections — firing sun - reflecting aerosols into the air, similar to the cooling effect after a volcanic eruption — and cirrus cloud thinning, where you thin the top level of clouds, which have a warming effect on the planet.

Overall, improving our understanding of one of the largest natural aerosol sources is critical if we are to understand the effects of human - made aerosols on climate,» says Matt Salter.

«Tiny particles have outsize impact on storm clouds, precipitation: Amazon rainforest provides a unique natural lab to study effects of aerosols.»

«We've shown that under clean and humid conditions, like those that exist over the ocean and some land in the tropics, tiny aerosols have a big impact on weather and climate and can intensify storms a great deal,» said Fan, an expert on the effects of pollution on storms and weather.

Several symposia have a local focus, including sessions on ecology and education in San Diego's Mission Bay Park and the causes and effects of aerosol particles in San Diego's atmosphere.

A deeper understanding of dust aerosols and their effects on precipitation could also be used to boost precipitation artificially, Prather said.

Despite its smaller ash cloud, El Chichn emitted more than 40 times the volume of sulfur - rich gases produced by Mt. St. Helens, which revealed that the formation of atmospheric sulfur aerosols has a more substantial effect on global temperatures than simply the volume of ash produced during an eruption.

Forster's chapter also reports on another important uncertainty: the cooling effect of smoke and other aerosols, which some argued almost negated the warming effect of greenhouse gases in the short term.

The theory of dangerous climate change is based not just on carbon dioxide warming but on positive and negative feedback effects from water vapor and phenomena such as clouds and airborne aerosols from coal burning.

The information could also feed into climate models to help understand the effects of clouds and aerosols on Earth's energy balance.

Scientists believe that aerosols exert an influence on climate roughly equal to that of greenhouse gases, but the current estimate of aerosols» climate effect carries a large margin of error.

«There is a link between the chemistry that goes on in this type of air motion and the subsequent effects on the trace gases and aerosols in the atmosphere that ultimately impact climate.»

The study also showed that the effect was much larger on a regional scale, counteracting possibly up to 30 % of warming in more rural, forested areas where anthropogenic emissions of aerosols were much lower in comparison to the natural aerosols.

Yet there is no doubt that research into atmospheric aerosols is becoming increasingly important due to the effects that they can have on the global temperature of Earth, given that solar radiation is the main source of energy for Earth - Atmosphere system.

However, he says, «Aerosol effects on climate are one of the main uncertainties in climate models.

«Scientists have talked about Arctic melting and albedo decrease for nearly 50 years,» said Ramanathan, a distinguished professor of climate and atmospheric sciences at Scripps who has previously conducted similar research on the global dimming effects of aerosols.

At least over the oceans, the pre-industrial cloud conditions would have been considerably different from those of today; this implies that the aerosols we have been adding to the atmosphere may have had a significant effect on global patterns of cloud formation and rain.

What's more, according to Tim Bates of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), «there's a very wide range of sizes [for aerosol particles], and the effect that the particle is going to have on climate is going to be very dependent on its size, which makes it trickier.»

When analyzed together with the aerosol loading over the same area at the same time, the outcome, says Koren, was a «textbook demonstration of the invigoration effect» of added aerosols on clouds.

The latter type of sensors, Robock notes, could directly measure the size distribution of aerosols, which could help researchers better model their effects on climate.

The cooling effect of aerosols can partly offset global warming on a short - term basis, but many are made of organic material that comes from sources that scientists don't fully understand, said Joost de Gouw, a research physicist at NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory in Boulder, Colo., who is unaffiliated with the studies.

This mission is fulfilled by operating atmospheric observatories around the world that collect massive amounts of atmospheric measurements to provide data products that help scientists study the effects and interactions of clouds and aerosols and their impact on the earth's energy balance.

Subsequently we will investigate the effects of these vapours on the nucleation and growth of aerosols.

Now if this was the 1980s they might have had a point, but the fact that aerosols are an important climate forcing, have a net cooling effect on climate and, in part, arise from the same industrial activities that produce greenhouse gases, has been part of mainstream science for 30 years.

I guess I am surprised that with better understanding of the importance of water vapor feedback, sulfate aerosols, black carbon aerosols, more rapid than expected declines in sea ice and attendant decreases in albedo, effects of the deposition of soot and dust on snow and ice decreasing albedo, and a recognition of the importance of GHGs that were probably not considered 30 years ago, that the sensitivity has changed so little over time.

The multi-scale aerosol - climate model, an extension of a multi-scale modeling framework, examined specific aerosol - cloud interactions and their effects on the Earth's energy budget, one of the toughest climate forecasting problems.

Sally, who was nominated by Dr. Beat Schmid, Associate Director, Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, was honored for her exceptional contribution in the field of atmospheric science, particularly in her efforts to improve understanding of the radiative effect of clouds and aerosols on the Earth's atmosphere and their representation in climate models.

Microphysical effects determine macrophysical response for aerosol impacts on deep convective clouds, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, Early Edition online the week of November 11 - 15, 2013, DOI: 10.1073 / pnas.1316830110.

Comparisons show a lesser effect on the Earth's energy budget, considering the additional burden of human - caused aerosols.

Fascinatingly, the book from the mid-70s said that there was one climate scientist — Wally Broecker - who predicted that the greenhouse warming was on the verge of overtaking the aerosol cooling effects and that by the year 2000 the planet would be warmer than it had been in 1000 years.

The top priorities should be reducing uncertainties in climate sensitivity, getting a better understanding of the effect of climate change on atmospheric circulation (critical for understanding of regional climate change, changes in extremes) and reducing uncertainties in radiative forcing — particularly those associated with aerosols.