Sentences with phrase «effects of changes in»

When age interactions were included (Models 2), the effects of changes in actor PMQ (Panel A in Figure 2) and in partner PMQ (Panel B in Figure 2) had varying effects on disability as a function of age.

Longitudinal surveys on effects of changes in road traffic noise - annoyance, activity disturbances, and psycho - social well - being

The purposes of the study were: (1) to examine the impacts of four different types of exercise on preventing depressive symptoms in older adults using Taiwan as an example and (2) to test the effects of changes in exercise status during a specific period of time on depressive symptoms in the elderly.

Manager, Financial Planning & Analysis — Global Sales & Marketing 2009 — Present Spearheaded the development and execution of annual and strategic financial plans, focused on underlying business drivers and sensitivity analysis by modeling and quantifying the potential effects of changes in business drivers.

Skill in the application of methods and techniques (e.g., cost - benefit analysis, amortization, depreciation, and prorating revenues and costs among customers) to analyze and evaluate the effects of changes in program plans and funding.

In the meantime, the best drivers in Wisconsin can do is work to reduce the effects of the changes in their own policies.

The point you deliberately (and obviously maliciously) try to evade and obscure is that the presence of water amplifies the effects of changes in other greenhouse gases.

The question is whether we can observe the effects of changes in the behavior of storms in the impacts record (e.g., we do see pronounced differences in impacts according to the phase of ENSO, El Nino / La Nina).

Think of it this way — if there is no chance of observing the effects of changes in PDI in the global impacts record for 50 years (Emanuel's estimate) and over that same time period we expect damage to increase in real terms by up to a factor of 32 (a real doubling in damages every 10 - 15 years), then I think that it is safe (and also responsible) to assert that over that time period the only policies that can have a discernable effect on tropical cyclone damage around the world will necessarily be adaptive.

However, climate mitigation policies do not generally incorporate the effects of these changes in the land surface on the surface albedo, the fluxes of sensible and latent heat to the atmosphere, and the distribution of energy within the climate system.

GPS can help illuminate what fraction of SLR is due to VLM, but won't eliminate the effects of changes in wind.

FIGURE 2.10 Potential effects of changes in temperature distribution on extremes: a) effects of a simple shift of the entire distribution toward a warmer climate; b) effects of an increased temperature variability with no shift of the mean; and c) effects of an altered shape of the distribution, in this example an increased asymmetry toward the hotter part of the distribution.

Reilly leads a team showing global economic effects of changes in crops, forests and pastures due to climate change.

Nor do these simulations yet include potential effects of changes in the solar spectrum, including the more variable UV.

So you get a little attribution here, a little there, you dance around the effects of changes in cloud cover, and the whole thing never forms a cohesive whole.

Crompton and his colleagues questioned, if the changes in storm characteristics predicted by this study do in fact occur as projected, then on what timescale might we expect to detect the effects of those changes in damage data?

ECS is normally defined to exclude effects of changes in albedo from shrinking ice and snow cover.

I always believed that the oceans were an important element in localised weather conditions over the short term but feel that relatively sudden shifts in climate occur through external forcings such as volcanic eruptions, meteor strike and the effects of changes in cosmic rays and sun spot activity, which are, unfortunately, all chaotic by nature and unpredictable.

So while admitting, there probably is a very modest amount of AGW in the current warming cycle, it could just as easily have been caused by: i) the effects of the huge increase in global irrigation, ii) tiny changes in the sun's radiation, and / or iii) the knock on effects of changes in the intensity and direction of ocean currents.

For example, to detect the impact of climate change on human health, it is necessary to understand the effects of changes in public health measures such as improved sanitation.

The authors find that the results from each of these analyses are consistent, showing that the effects of changes in greenhouse gases, aerosols and other anthropogenic forcings on the climate of the Arctic region can be detected.

The additional processes included in the JULES model will provide a more complete picture of water resources of South Asia than previously possible, allowing quantitative analysis of the effects of changes in river flow and glaciers on water resources and the implications of these changes on water availability for irrigation and therefore crop yields.

Many crop yields are predicted to decline due to the combined effects of changes in rainfall, severe weather events, and increasing competition from weeds and pests on crop plants (Ch.

The inevitably negative effects of changes in the speed of the water cycle seem to have been ignored in favour of an assumption that the speed of the water cycle remains the same when CO2 increases.

In particular, the authors find fault with IPCC's conclusions relating to human activities being the primary cause of recent global warming, claiming, contrary to significant evidence that they tend to ignore, that the comparatively small influences of natural changes in solar radiation are dominating the influences of the much larger effects of changes in the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations on the global energy balance.

The energy flows need to be separated.by season, time of day, and region of the Earth in order for the climate effects of changes in CO2 concentration to be appreciated.

I have not read the paper, however there continues to be confusion about changes in monsoons (in this case), or ENSO [the El Niño - Southern Oscillation], etc. and the effects of those changes in terms of precipitation and other effects.

I think that Keigwin does a very good job of showing the changes in the Sargasso Sea but also the problems in the interpretation of this data (e.g. salinity) and the possible effects of changes in the NAO.

Such a balanced approach and diversified investments helps minimize credit as well as counter the effects of changes in interest rate.

You can use the IB Risk Navigator to simulate the effects of changes in your portfolio.

Taken together the various teacher credentials exhibit quite large effects on math achievement, whether compared to the effects of changes in class size or to the socio - economics characteristics of students.

Similarly, Russ Whitehurst and Michelle Croft have shown that the quality of state standards (as assessed by third party organizations) is unrelated to NAEP scores, a finding confirmed by the Harvard Kennedy School's Josh Goodman in an analysis that examined the effects of changes in the quality of standards within states over time.

The effects of changes in start times «are large enough to be substantively important,» Edwards states.

In a 2014 study, Stephen Billings and his colleagues used administrative data and variation in school assignments for students who lived on opposite sides of new catchment area boundaries in Charlotte - Mecklenburg, North Carolina, following the district's release from court supervision to identify the effects of changes in racial composition and school resources.

Today, questions about the effects of changes in housing patterns and recent Supreme Court decisions that weaken desegregation efforts remain central to discussions of educational opportunity and racial achievement gaps.

For example, in school science classes, students are manipulating variables such as forces, angles, distances and time and observing the effects of these changes in virtual environments that are sometimes difficult or impossible to create in normal classrooms.

These estimated effects of changes in start times are large enough to be substantively important.

Parent Satisfaction Another key measure of school reform initiatives is the perception among parents, who see firsthand the effects of changes in their child's educational environment.

The South China Sea (SCS) is said to be ocean - dominated at depth, and its CaCO3 records should reflect and preserve the effects of changes in the carbonate chemistry of the (western) Pacific Ocean.

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that studies the effects of changes in temperature, pressure, and volume on physical systems at the macroscopic scale by analyzing the collective motion of their particles using statistics.

scNMT - seq allows researchers to study the effects of changes in single cells and could provide conclusive evidence that they can develop into major differences both in development and disease.

Some research has shown that the effects of changes in the climate may be weak or even non-existent.

In addition, the community's experience with the recent decrease in the rate at which NIH can pay individual's salaries, from Executive Level I of the Federal Executive Pay Scale ($ 199,700) in FY2011 to Executive Level II ($ 179,700) in FY2012, may provide useful information about the effects of changes in salary support.

The study can be used by resource managers to identify and offset effects of changes in climate on the lesser prairie - chicken.

It may also reduce the effects of changes in fat that cause insulin resistance and other symptoms of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes,» Dr. Kahn says.

As a minimum, however, the effects of changes in interest rates should be removed when trying to assess underlying inflation for policy purposes.

These factors — many of which are beyond our control and the effects of which can be difficult to predict — include: credit, market, liquidity and funding, insurance, operational, regulatory compliance, strategic, reputation, legal and regulatory environment, competitive and systemic risks and other risks discussed in the risk sections of our 2017 Annual Report; including global uncertainty and volatility, elevated Canadian housing prices and household indebtedness, information technology and cyber risk, regulatory change, technological innovation and new entrants, global environmental policy and climate change, changes in consumer behavior, the end of quantitative easing, the business and economic conditions in the geographic regions in which we operate, the effects of changes in government fiscal, monetary and other policies, tax risk and transparency and environmental and social risk.

Interpretation of the monthly figures in recent months has been complicated by the effects of changes in interviewing procedures for the Labour Force Survey.

What the conventional scoring process does not do is incorporate the the effects of any changes in macroeconomic variables — things like GDP, inflation, and employment — and how those might alter the cost estimate.

They focus on the effects of changes in uncertainty (shocks) on asset values and on the pairwise relationships between stocks, bonds and gold.