Due to this general disconnect between achievement and attainment
effects of choice programs and, in a few cases in our sample, individual choice schools, we caution commentators and regulators to be more humble and circumspect in judging school choice programs and schools of choice based solely on their test score effects.
In Mike's second post criticizing our study he claims that the test score
effects of choice programs do reliably and positively predict their attainment effects because, after throwing out some cases (I'll get to that later), «both short - term test scores and long - term outcomes are overwhelmingly positive.»
The effects of choice programs on educational attainment — how far an individual goes in school — are both larger and more consistent than their achievement effects.
The achievement
effects of choice programs after just one or two years may well turn out to be misleading indicators of the longer - term effects on test scores and attainment.
Not exact matches
The survey found that since 2014, when the majority
of updated nutrition standards for school meals were in
effect, more school meal
programs have launched initiatives to market healthier school food
choices and increase their appeal among students.
Except where prohibited, all issues and questions concerning the construction, validity, interpretation and enforceability
of these Terms
of Participation, or the rights and obligations
of the participant and Bandai Namco in connection with the
Program, shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws
of the State
of California, without giving
effect to any
choice of law or conflict
of law rules (whether
of the State
of California, or any other jurisdiction), which would cause the application
of the laws
of any jurisdiction other than the State
of California.
The Milwaukee school
choice program and the response
of Milwaukee Public Schools are especially significant in light
of Frederick M. Hess's study
of the
effects of competition on large urban school districts.
To truly understand the differences in long - term
effects across these three
programs and to ultimately answer the question
of when and how private school
choice works, we need to examine more
programs and variation in outcomes across different private schools within each
program to learn more about
program design.
Martin Lueken
of EdChoice and Benjamin Scafidi
of Kennesaw State University sit down with Paul E. Peterson to discuss their reasearch on the
effect of the Indiana
Choice Scholarship
Program on school district resources.
M. Danish Shakeel, Kaitlin Anderson, and I just released a meta - analysis
of 19 «gold standard» experimental evaluations
of the test - score
effects of private school
choice programs around the world.
My colleagues and I just released a meta - analysis
of 19 «gold standard» experimental evaluations
of the test - score
effects of private school
choice programs around the world.
Summaries
of the
effects of multiple
programs generally show positive
effects, as does a meta - analysis
of gold - standard experimental research on school
choice by Shakeel, Anderson, and Wolf (2016).
There is now a body
of evidence on the
effects of school
choice: the positive findings from Charlotte comport with the positive results
of privately funded
programs in New York; Washington, D.C.; and Dayton, as well as pilot voucher
programs in Milwaukee and Cleveland.
This second comparison with non-APIP schools enables me to separate out the impact
of any policy, such as the Texas Advanced Placement incentive
program or the 10 percent rule (every student in Texas in the top 10 percent
of her graduating high - school class is guaranteed a spot at the public university
of her
choice), that could have occurred at the same time as APIP implementation and could otherwise be confused with the
effect of APIP.
Three evaluations
of private - school
choice programs have followed enough students for sufficiently long to determine their
effects on the rates
of high - school graduation, college enrollment, or both.
Four recent non-experimental studies
of choice programs also tended to report positive
effects in reading achievement, with some qualifications.
As a result
of our findings
of no consistent statistical association between the achievement and attainment
effects in school
choice studies we urged commentators and policymakers «to be more humble» in judging school
choice programs or schools
of choice based solely or primarily on initial test score
effects.
The
effects of private - school -
choice programs on the achievement
of student participants have been extensively studied using a variety
of research designs.
Statewide
programs in Florida, Louisiana, and Ohio, however, already have demonstrated clear positive
effects on the achievement
of students who remain in public schools, confirming Caroline Hoxby's claim (see «Rising Tide,» features, Winter 2001) that competition from
choice generates «a rising tide that lifts all boats.»
Only one study, conducted by Jay Greene and Marcus Winters and focusing on the D.C. voucher
program, found that voucher competition had no
effect on the test scores
of non-participants, while no empirical study
of acceptable rigor has found that a U.S. private - school -
choice program decreased the achievement
of public school students.
In our study we draw upon the findings from 24 evaluations
of various types
of school
choice programs to show that the achievement
effects from those
programs are only weakly and inconsistently predictive
of their subsequent attainment
effects.
Last week, Mike Petrilli, President
of the Thomas B. Fordham Institute, published a series
of blog posts at the Education Gadfly and Education Next critiquing an AEI study by Dr. Collin Hitt, Dr. Michael McShane, and myself discussing the surprising disconnect between the achievement and attainment
effects from school
choice programs in the US.
This study
of Washington, DC's, Opportunity Scholarship
Program (OSP) provides the first experimental evidence on the effect of a publicly funded private school choice program on college enro
Program (OSP) provides the first experimental evidence on the
effect of a publicly funded private school
choice program on college enro
program on college enrollment.
To learn more about the available empirical evidence on the
effects of school
choice programs, flip through this handy slide show, curated collectively and carefully by EdChoice's research team.
Report 11: The
Effect of Milwaukee's Parental
Choice Program on Student Achievement in Milwaukee Public Schools Jay P. Greene and Ryan H. Marsh
We found little evidence that the
Choice program increased the test scores
of participating students, though our final analysis revealed a positive
effect of the
program on reading scores when combined with high stakes testing.
Hart's recent work has focused on school
choice programs, school accountability policies, early childhood education policies, and
effects on students
of exposure to demographically similar teachers.
Competition from the
Choice program appears to have boosted the test scores
of students who remained in Milwaukee Public Schools (MPS), but those systemic
effects of the
program were modest in size.
That is true, and while we have numerous studies establishing positive competitive
effects on district schools from
choice programs, few states have
choice programs going at a scale to place a large amount
of pressure on district enrolments.
Access a comprehensive and properly cited list
of empirical studies conducted to date on the
effects of educational
choice programs on students, public schools, segregation, civic values and state finances.
The Supreme Court, in cases culminating in Agostini [v. Felton], has established the general principle that state educational assistance
programs do not have the primary
effect of advancing religion if those
programs provide public aid to both sectarian and nonsectarian institutions (1) on the basis
of neutral, secular criteria that neither favor nor disfavor religion; and (2) only as a result
of numerous private
choices of the individual parents
of school - age children.
Further, he notes, «the
effects of private - school -
choice programs on educational attainment — how far an individual goes in school — are both larger and more consistent than their achievement
effects,» with
programs narrowly targeted to low - income, urban students proving to be the most effective.
Fordham also downplays the likely
effect of their proposed regulations by assuring that they «won't scare away [private] schools,» citing a previous Fordham study which found that most private schools would participate in a school
choice program even if that meant accepting such regulations.
As long as the
effects of bilingual instruction and
of living in a bilingual household are not mutually dependent (for example, the
effects of receiving bilingual education are the same regardless
of what type
of household you grew up in), the
choice of program suggested by this tradeoff will be the same for all students, regardless
of individual ability.
New evidence has been collected from publicly funded voucher
programs in Florida and Cleveland; new findings from randomized field trials conducted in New York City, Dayton, Charlotte, and Washington, D.C., are now available; and a growing body
of evidence collected abroad provides a comparative perspective on the probable
effects of large - scale
choice initiatives.
Nevertheless, educational
choice programs of sufficient size could mitigate the crowd - out
effect and foster healthy competition among schools.
«The reality is that we've had very small expansions in the use
of market forces, so, not surprisingly, we've had modest
effects from
choice programs,» writes Jay P. Greene, head of the Department of Education Reform at the University of Arkansas, in Why America Needs School Choice (a book that arrived in the midst of the 2011 acti
choice programs,» writes Jay P. Greene, head
of the Department
of Education Reform at the University
of Arkansas, in Why America Needs School
Choice (a book that arrived in the midst of the 2011 acti
Choice (a book that arrived in the midst
of the 2011 activity).
School
choice opponents have seized on these findings as evidence that these
programs are ineffective and even harmful while advocates point out that Louisiana is heavily regulated, the first few years
of an evaluation tell only the worst part
of a story (i.e. there are transition
effects), and that we should be careful about a heavy - handed focus on test scores.
The Truth: Many studies find school
choice programs have a positive
effect on students» civic values, including tolerance for the rights
of others, likelihood to vote or volunteer and more.
School
choice programs effect the flow
of some
of this money while leaving the rest in place.
In The Tax - Credit Scholarship Audit, EdChoice Director
of Fiscal Policy and Analysis Dr. Martin Lueken follows up on previous work examining the fiscal
effects of private school
choice programs on state governments, state and local taxpayers and school districts.
Interestingly, achievement benefits
of private school
choice appear to be somewhat larger for
programs in developing countries than for those in the U.S. Wolf explains, «Our meta - analysis avoided all three factors that have muddied the waters on the test - score
effects of private school
choice.
As in NZ, all flopped — no
effect on tests scores, but that was not the biggest failure
of the
choice programs.
Longitudinal evaluations
of the
effects of the Milwaukee Parental
Choice Program (MPCP), the voucher program initiated by Governor Thompson, indicate that student achievement outcomes were not consistently affected by vouchers but other vital student outcomes, including educational attainment, civic values, criminal proclivities as well as parent and student satisfaction were positively influenced by participation in private school c
Choice Program (MPCP), the voucher program initiated by Governor Thompson, indicate that student achievement outcomes were not consistently affected by vouchers but other vital student outcomes, including educational attainment, civic values, criminal proclivities as well as parent and student satisfaction were positively influenced by participation in private school
Program (MPCP), the voucher
program initiated by Governor Thompson, indicate that student achievement outcomes were not consistently affected by vouchers but other vital student outcomes, including educational attainment, civic values, criminal proclivities as well as parent and student satisfaction were positively influenced by participation in private school
program initiated by Governor Thompson, indicate that student achievement outcomes were not consistently affected by vouchers but other vital student outcomes, including educational attainment, civic values, criminal proclivities as well as parent and student satisfaction were positively influenced by participation in private school
choicechoice.
In The Tax - Credit Scholarship Audit, EdChoice Director
of Fiscal Policy and Analysis Dr. Martin Lueken updates previous work examining the fiscal
effects of private school
choice programs.
An additional comparison school sample
of 13 small schools
of choice with a focus other than STEM is being used to help disentangle the
effects of a STEM - focused
program from those
of small school size and school
choice.
The
Effect of Milwaukeeâ $ ™ s Parental
Choice Program on Student Achievement in Milwaukee Public Schools
Calculating the fiscal impact
of these
programs would seem straightforward on the surface, but critics and supporters
of educational
choice strongly disagree about such
programs» fiscal
effects on taxpayers, state budgets and schools.
To demonstrate the potential impact
of school
choice on state budgets, this paper draws from legislative and independent evaluations
of the fiscal
effects of such
programs in the states that have enacted or are contemplating enacting them.
My Findings Using data from the High School Longitudinal study
of 2009 (HSLS 09) and the above methodology, I indeed found that when initially looking at the relationship
of participation in a school
choice program and student learning, there exists a positive
effect for students
of low socioeconomic status.