Sentences with phrase «effects of desegregation»

It will be important to follow the progress in Sacramento over the next couple of decades to see how the schools fare academically and socially to see if the neighborhood effects of desegregation can carry over to the schools.

What's more, blacks» biggest gains were in the Southern states, where the effects of desegregation were greatest.

The impact that the changing demographic composition of schools could have on the achievement of black students is not clear, especially given the difficulty of isolating the effects of desegregation.

White flight almost certainly altered the effects of desegregation policies in many cities, especially in places such as the Northeast, where school districts within metropolitan areas tend to be small and numerous.

In reviewing the available research on the effects of segregation on educational opportunities for black students, Rivkin concludes the effects of desegregation are most likely uneven and vary by program and context.

Evidence on the achievement effects of desegregation by income is limited by both an absence of detailed information on family income (including indicators for severe poverty or high income) and the difficulty in separating the effects of students» own circumstances from the influences of peers.

Although there were some small - scale random - assignment experiments of the effects of desegregation on test scores, most of what we know today concerns the relationship between a school outcome such as achievement on the one hand, and racial composition on the other.

Although some research finds that such benefits exist, the available data have not permitted researchers to confirm the causal effects of desegregation on nonacademic benefits for the same reasons that it is difficult to produce convincing findings on academic benefits: the nonrandom sorting of students among school environments and the real possibility that forced busing may produce effects very different from those of living in a racially or socioeconomically mixed community.

By controlling for a wide variety of other characteristics, including the students» own prior performance, our analysis is able to estimate the likely effect of desegregation within the school.

Stuart Buck is a doctoral student in education reform at the University of Arkansas and author of Acting White: An Ironic Effect of Desegregation (forthcoming, Yale University Press).

Not exact matches

The negative effect on the mental health of those segregated was basic in the supreme court's milestone decision on public school desegregation in 1954.

A psychiatrist who studied the effects of the school desegregation conflict on children in the Deep South reports: «I have been struck by how clearly young Negro children foresee the bleak future of their lives.

Between 1968 and 1980, segregation by district increased, reflecting the effects of both white flight from desegregation and longer - term trends, including suburbanization.

Today, questions about the effects of changes in housing patterns and recent Supreme Court decisions that weaken desegregation efforts remain central to discussions of educational opportunity and racial achievement gaps.

The absence of an evaluation component from most desegregation programs has complicated efforts to measure program effects.

Several studies have examined the average effect of either the introduction or the removal of desegregation programs using variation in timing across districts.

In the early 1970s, the federal courts ordered a number of states to pay school desegregation costs, but these rulings were limited in number and had little overall effect on state systems for school funding.

And Brown only required the states to implement school desegregation «with all deliberate speed,» something less than a clarion call for immediately rectifying the effects of racial injustice.

It removed the case from its active docket while stating that it expected the board «to continue to implement those portions of the desegregation order which are by their nature of a continuing effect.»

Rucker Johnson, a professor of public policy at the University of California at Berkeley, has studied the life trajectories of students born between 1945 and 1970, focusing on the effects that exposure to court - ordered desegregation had on their lives.

Since the launch of school desegregation policies in the 1960s, magnet schools have demonstrated the effect of incentivizing voluntary integration, both in terms of socioeconomic status and race, among families.

However, as Johnson (2011) argues, desegregation actually increased school quality and per - pupil spending for black students, increasing black students» educational attainment with no effect on the attainment of white students.

Perpetuation theory and the long - term effects of school desegregation.

In 1969, desegregation by use of student racial ratios and mandated crosstown busing was put into effect.

The Chamber of Commerce, fearing the effects of this boycott, made an interracial committee to deal with the issues of desegregation.

(a) Whenever the Attorney General receives a complaint in writing signed by an individual to the effect that he is being deprived of or threatened with the loss of his right to the equal protection of the laws, on account of his race, color, religion, or national origin, by being denied equal utilization of any public facility which is owned, operated, or managed by or on behalf of any State or subdivision thereof, other than a public school or public college as defined in section 401 of title IV hereof, and the Attorney General believes the complaint is meritorious and certifies that the signer or signers of such complaint are unable, in his judgment, to initiate and maintain appropriate legal proceedings for relief and that the institution of an action will materially further the orderly progress of desegregation in public facilities, the Attorney General is authorized to institute for or in the name of the United States a civil action in any appropriate district court of the United States against such parties and for such relief as may be appropriate, and such court shall have and shall exercise jurisdiction of proceedings instituted pursuant to this section.

(2) signed by an individual, or his parent, to the effect that he has been denied admission to or not permitted to continue in attendance at a public college by reason of race, color, religion, or national origin, and the Attorney General believes the complaint is meritorious and certifies that the signer or signers of such complaint are unable, in his judgment, to initiate and maintain appropriate legal proceedings for relief and that the institution of an action will materially further the orderly achievement of desegregation in public education, the Attorney General is authorized, after giving notice of such complaint to the appropriate school board or college authority and after certifying that he is satisfied that such board or authority has had a reasonable time to adjust the conditions alleged in such complaint, to institute for or in the name of the United States a civil action in any appropriate district court of the United States against such parties and for such relief as may be appropriate, and such court shall have and shall exercise jurisdiction of proceedings instituted pursuant to this section, provided that nothing herein shall empower any official or court of the United States to issue any order seeking to achieve a racial balance in any school by requiring the transportation of pupils or students from one school to another or one school district to another in order to achieve such racial balance, or otherwise enlarge the existing power of the court to insure compliance with constitutional standards.

Certainly the NAACP, as I understand its position before this Court, denied that it had managed or controlled the litigation which it had urged its members or others to bring, disclaimed any desire to do so, and denied any adverse effects upon its operations if lawyers representing clients in school desegregation or other litigation financed by the NAACP represented only those clients and were under no obligation to follow the dictates of the NAACP in the conduct of that litigation.