Sentences with phrase «effects of genes on»

Although scientists and laypeople alike once believed that the effects of genes on health and behavior are direct and immutable, scientists now recognize that there is substantial regulation of genetic expression by the environment, resulting in gene — environment interactions.

Originating from molecular biology, Genomics branched out to become a vast field that includes research into the structure and function of genomes, evolution and the effects of genes on health and disease.

Despite the proliferation of GWAS, the associations found so far have largely failed to account for the known effects of genes on complex disease — the problem of «missing heritability.»

The effects of the gene on white are not seen because white can not be phenotypically lightened.

Not exact matches

This team also discovered 3,200 genes that had fewer loss - of - function or missense mutations than would be expected suggesting that these are likely disease - causing variants that are rare or absent in the population because of their detrimental effect on human health.

It is, as well, an antidote to Mississippi Burning, a dishonest, award - winning new film in which blacks wait patiently and fearfully in the background for deliverance by two white FBI agents, played by Gene Hackman and Willem Dafoe, who zealously bend the law in the interest of justice — a film one fears will have a profound effect on the way many Americans view their nation in the King Years («The Dream Dafoed,» as the Village Voice put it).

In this paper, I tried to interpret evolution as a continually shifting balance, spatially and temporally, among what I called the pressures of mutation, selection, and migration on gene frequencies, in conjunction with the effects of random drift composed of random variations in these pressures and of local accidents of sampling.

The organism draws its genes from an enormously variegated gene pool; it develops under the influence of them and also under those of a probably pretty heterogeneous environment; and, at any given stage of its life, the way its genes and its previous environment have acted up to that point may have considerable effect on the nature of the environment to which it will next be subjected — if the animal does not like it here it may migrate someplace else, and so on.

The evidence for epigenetic effects on emotion regulation is quite solid: Early caregiving experiences can affect the expression of the genes that regulate a baby's stress and they can shape how the endocrine system will mobilize to stress.

Early life stress, such as an extreme lack of parental affection, has lasting effects on a gene important to normal brain processes and is also tied to mental disorders.

Years of exposure to environmental toxins such as pesticides, paint strippers and other chemicals could be having more subtle effects on the way in which genes within the sperm are tagged and used later on.

We confirmed this gene — environment interaction in two birth cohorts, and we ruled out alternative explanations of the finding involving gene — exposure correlation, intrauterine growth, social class, and maternal cognitive ability, as well as maternal genotype effects on breastfeeding and breast milk.

Although this could mean that new genes are turned on in middle childhood, it is more likely that the same genes have different effects in the brains of 8 - year - olds as compared to 4 - year - olds (Plomin, 1986).

In fact, specific genes are studied for their impact on the threshold effect of some teratogens.

«This confirms something we have long suspected, namely that the effects of sleep deprivation are not general in nature, but rather depend on the specific task and the genes of the person performing the task.»

«We wanted to find out if obesity - related genes and activity level have an interactive effect on obesity risk — if there is a «double whammy» effect of being both at genetic risk and physically inactive, beyond the additive effect of these factors,» said Dr. Wood.

«Identifying which of these candidate genes actually causes variation in responses to cold snaps will give us the potential to understand whether evolution to climate change can occur in both wild and domesticated animals, allowing us to better predict which species or breeds will be «winners» and «losers» and to better mitigate the effects of anthropogenic climate change on a wide range of organisms from beneficial pollinators to invasive pests,» said Theodore Morgan an associate professor of evolutionary genetics in the Division of Biology at Kansas State University and senior author of the study.

For instance, the development of the placenta is a constant tug of war between maternal and paternal genes, which can have knock - on effects for the fetus.

«Our aim was to explore the effect of a more acidic ocean on every gene in the coral genome,» says study lead author Dr Aurelie Moya, a molecular ecologist with the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James Cook University.

Tumours in these mice grew 50 per cent more slowly than those in healthy mice, indicating that one extra copy of the gene has a significant effect on tumour growth (Nature, DOI: 10.1038 / nature08062).

Variants of one gene had a major effect on rapid changes in beak size after a drought, researchers report in the April 22 Science.

The boosted genes had three main beneficial effects: improving the efficiency of mitochondria, the powerhouse of cells; boosting insulin production, which improves control of blood sugar; and preventing the depletion of telomeres, caps on chromosomes that help to keep DNA stable and so prevent cells wearing out and ageing.

The boosted genes had three main effects: improving cellular energy efficiency; upping insulin production, which improves control of blood sugar; and preventing the breakdown of caps on chromosomes that help prevent cells wearing out and ageing.

Next, Anderson and his colleagues used a set of genetic tools to identify exactly which neurons were responsible for the effect on aggression and to see if the gene that encodes for Tk also controls aggressive behavior by acting in that cell.

«So, a variant of gene with a positive effect on intelligence, has a negative effect on schizophrenia, body mass index or obesity.»

The overexpression of an important gene that regulates energy metabolism can cause a severe shortening of lifespan in male fruit flies but has only a small negative effect on lifespans of female fruit flies, according to new research from North Carolina State University.

Deletion of the fission yeastpot1 + gene has an immediate effect on chromosome stability, causing rapid loss of telomeric DNA and chromosome circularization.

These results illustrate a useful approach for studying the effect of gene expression on cardiac contractility.

«We hypothesized that individual mutations in viral genes could be expected to have a range of effects on the virus's ability to replicate, to infect new cells and escape the immune system,» Carlson says.

The clones also appeared to have an effect on the gene expression of the pregnant cows themselves; on day 34, some uterus tissue showed grossly different gene expression, which could affect the placenta.

To find out if this effect on testosterone production might affect mice's fertility, the team knocked out the gene for osteocalcin in a group of the rodents.

To determine the effect of mutations that reduce TET2 function in abnormal stem cells, the research team genetically engineered mice such that the scientists could switch the TET2 gene on or off.

This study, published in the journal Microarrays, shows that lack of SOST in the bone microenvironment promotes the expression of many genes associated with cell migration and / or invasion, including long non-coding RNA MALAT1 in prostate cancer, suggesting that SOST has an inhibitory effect on prostate cancer invasion.

By using pairs of sisters who spent differing amounts of time living with their fathers, the study was able to control for inherited genes and environmental conditions, such as socioeconomic status or religious background, to isolate the effects of fathering quality on daughters.

They found methylation defects on several human genes in the cord blood and placentas of ART embryos, suggesting that a similar effect might be occurring in humans as well.

By contrast, the HMS team homed in on one microbe at a time and its effects on nearly all immune cells and intestinal genes, an approach that offers a more precise understanding of the interplay between individual gut microbes and their hosts.

She and her colleagues interview each of these women for several hours every 6 months to try to understand the effects of genes, crime, poverty, and isolation on their disease outcomes.

Dr Ceri Fielding from Cardiff University's School of Medicine said: «The scale of the effect of CMV's genes on the immune system surprised us.

These effects included suppression of naturally secreted antimicrobials and the ability to turn on several genes that promote inflammation.

Before moving on to human trials, they will need to study all instances of «off - target» effects: Years before Crispr, the viruses employed to deliver DNA in gene therapy trials occasionally damaged the whole system, causing cancer.

Therefore, they must explore the effects of deactivating it on the body's ability to fight infections and other diseases — as hampering the gene's effects only in red blood cells would be difficult.

Tattersall explains how epigenetic effects on key genes cascade to produce radical morphological changes in an eye blink, and why our unusual thinking style, far from being the perfected product of long - term selective pressures, was bootstrapped out of existing abilities barely 100,000 years ago.

A version of the gene called APOE3 has no effect on Alzheimer's risk, whereas the APOE2 version protects against the disease.

However, a period of mid or late gestation exposure had a greater effect on the development of the fetus and the number of altered genes and proteins in the fetus» ovary.

However, the long - term effects of the daily bathing on the prevalence of the qacA / B genes that lead to resistance to CHG in MRSA isolates is largely unknown.

The brain - size - altering effect of the gene is what led the researchers to study the impact on IQ.

Pinker says that the findings are a first step in demonstrating that intelligence relies on large numbers of genes, each with a tiny effect, rather than on single genes that have moderate or large effects, but which are so rare that none has yet been identified.

Von Roemeling and the research team then individually silenced each of the top 200 altered genes to see the effect on tumor growth.

They then examined genetic variants throughout the human genome for their effects on gene expression in these two representative populations of immune cells.

The researchers found: cord plasma increased the activity of several genes linked to neural plasticity and memory; young adult plasma activated a subset of the same genes; and older adult plasma had no effect on gene expression.