In particular: i) the emphasis on reconstructions of historical temperature records; ii) the over-sensitivity of climate models; iii) the exaggeration of positive feedback mechanisms and the opposite with respect to negative feedbacks; iv) the over-statement of second and Nth - order
effects of warming on natural processes and society as «impacts»; v) the IPCC reports are not written exclusively by scientists, but in the case of WGII and WGIII especially, are, as has been discovered — by sceptics — written by academics from other disciplines, often without any remarkable expertise, and by activists, with particular agendas.
Their paper acknowledges observations that polar bears have yet to be harmed writing, «Although
the effects of warming on some polar - bear subpopulations are not yet documented and other subpopulations are apparently still faring well.»
Not only that, however, but since you've been studying climate science since 1999, you must also be aware that HadCRUT has a number of problems that prevent it from being considered the «best» data, namely the fact that the HadCRUT method underestimates
the effects of warming on the Arctic (where warming is occurring the fastest).
For
the effects of warming on the expansion of seawater for 0 - 700 & 0 - 2000 metre depth ranges, see the image below from the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC).
I am currently spending my time on lab experiments, but will soon be analyzing the long term data from all of these lakes to further study
effects of warming on Bythotrephes / fish interactions.
As a lake ecologist (limnologist) my study will not contribute to debates about the causes of climate warming but it will show that the indirect
effects of warming on food chains (over the past 30 years) can be very substantial (even dramatic).
In 2005, the New York Times described
the effects of warming on the environment and on the four million people who live in the Arctic, and scientists» assessments of the inevitability of Arctic melting.
As Dr Christina Schaedel, a research associate in
effects of warming on permafrost at Northern Arizona University, wrote in a recent guest post for Carbon Brief:
«Because both processes are often not studied together, the «net»
effects of warming on [carbon] storage in the tundra are poorly known,» said Rose Cory, an environmental sciences and engineering assistant professor at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and co-author of the permafrost collapse study.
Dr Stephen Grimes of Plymouth University, who initiated the research project, highlighted the climate changes that must have caused this increase in sediment erosion and transport — «We have climate model simulations of
the effect of warming on rainfall during the PETM event, and they show some changes in the average amounts of rainfall, but the largest change is how this rainfall is packaged up — it's concentrated in more rapid, extreme events — larger and bigger storms.»
It seems there is no consensus on
the effect of any warming on TCs.
Very recent, wide ranging review of temperature measurements in the oceans with a detailed discussion of the accuracy of the data, planetary energy balance and
the effect of the warming on sea levels.
Warming is linked to increases in precipitation extremes partly because of the physical
effect of warming on atmospheric conditions.
Not exact matches
A U.K. - based Antarctic research project called Project MIDAS monitoring the
effects of climate change
on an ice shelf called Larsen C announced that a vast rift in the rapidly
warming pole has split entirely and created a brand new iceberg — the third largest in the world.
You'll love what the
warm taste
of this spice adds to the dessert - like dish, and your body will love its furnace - stoking
effects on your calorie burn.
The LCA examined the
effects of a 1 kilogram industry - average corrugated product manufactured in 2014
on seven environmental impact indicators: global
warming potential (greenhouse gas emissions), eutrophication, acidification, smog, ozone depletion, respiratory
effects, fossil fuel depletion; and four inventory indicators: water use, water consumption, renewable energy demand, and non-renewable energy demand.
But the batch I make for Easter will spend a night in the fridge... and an hour coming to a
warmer temp... and then 30 minutes sitting
on the cookie sheet before going into the oven, just to maximize the
effects of the yeast.
Since taking leadership
of the country last September, Prime Minister Tony Abbott, who in 2009 said the science behind climate change was «crap», has abolished the independent Climate Commission, the body created by the former Labor government to provide public information
on the
effects of global
warming.
The reduced downforce also has the knock -
on effect of tyres taking longer to come up to operating temperature (there are no tyre
warmers in IndyCar) as well as making them wear out quicker because the drivers are sliding around more.
Warm and responsive parenting when a baby rat is stressed - out — in particular, a soothing maternal behavior called licking and grooming — creates methylation
effects on the precise segment
of the baby rat's DNA that controls the way its hippocampus will process stress hormones in adulthood.
The study focused
on the
effect of using a
warmed breastshield
on the yield, the effectiveness, and the comfort
of pumping when using a
warmed breastshield.
This study focused
on the
effect of warming mother's breasts before using a double electric breast pump by a
warm compress compared to an unwarmed breast to see if the
warmed breast would elicit more milk for NICU babies.
- Pain relief and mobility: The
warm water in which a water birth occurs can have several positive
effects on the delivery experience
of some expecting mothers.
It should be comfortable,
warm and as it has been mentioned before it is important for it to be flame - retardant and it shouldn't have a negative
effect on the sensitive skin
of the little one.
Now, scientists are trying to get a better handle
on peatlands and the
effects of agriculture, development and a climate that's shifting toward
warmer and drier.
To explore what these new findings could mean for soil carbon storage in a
warming world, the team compared output from a soil model that includes the
effect of temperature
on microbial lifespan to models unaffected by temperature change.
Atmospheric dust may have a powerful
effect on climate, absorbing sunlight and
warming the atmosphere at some altitudes while shading and cooling underlying layers
of air.
Some observers quietly worry that, under Trump, a new focus
on climate engineering could become part
of a justification for delaying government action to curb carbon emissions, with the reasoning that geoengineering technologies could later be used to remove carbon from the atmosphere, or prevent the
warming effects of solar radiation.
Willis is leading a new mission to study the
effects of warming oceans
on the melting
of the Greenland Ice Sheet.
The
warmer, drier conditions
of El Nino have had a baleful
effect on conflict in the tropics since 1950, research shows
The findings suggest that effective new greenhouse gas controls could help lessen the
effects of climate change
on the release
of carbon from soils
of the northern permafrost region and therefore decrease the potential for a positive feedback
of permafrost carbon release
on climate
warming.
But the reactive gases emitted by trees can also increase the amounts
of ozone and methane, both greenhouse gases which have
warming effects on the climate.
SEAS researchers suggest that early Mars may have been
warmed intermittently by a powerful greenhouse
effect, possibly explaining water
on the planet's surface billions
of years ago.
Other experts say that the
effect of hurricanes
on global
warming would probably be minimal as only the largest storms are expected to get stronger.
While natural sources
of climate variability are significant, multiple lines
of evidence indicate that human influences have had an increasingly dominant
effect on the climate
warming observed since the mid-twentieth century.
Bill Easterling Dean
of the College
of Earth and Mineral Sciences at Pennsylvania State University, Easterling studies global
warming and its potential
effects on the world's food supply.
Raymond Pierrehumbert at the University
of Chicago and Eric Gaidos at the University
of Hawaii in Honolulu calculated the
warming effect of a hydrogen blanket
on Earth - sized planets, as well as
on worlds a few times more massive than our own, known as super-Earths.
Small Steps Diplomats hope there will be some progress
on funding to help developing countries most at risk from the
effects of global
warming, particularly in Africa and small island states.
«Similarly, a number
of studies have found that telling people about the 97 % scientific consensus
on human - caused global
warming has a neutralizing rather than polarizing
effect.»
It is the first study
of this scale to investigate the
effects of global
warming and drought
on decomposer soil animals.
Besides SSCE, scientists have also been investigating stratospheric sulfur injections — firing sun - reflecting aerosols into the air, similar to the cooling
effect after a volcanic eruption — and cirrus cloud thinning, where you thin the top level
of clouds, which have a
warming effect on the planet.
Proposals to reduce the
effects of global
warming by imitating volcanic eruptions could have a devastating
effect on global regions prone to either tumultuous storms or prolonged drought, new research has shown.
Think
of this
warming effect like a pot
of water boiling
on the stove.
Previous studies by the Cardiff team
on warming effects in the Rivers Wye and Tywi reveal significant reductions in insect numbers and even an instance
of local species extinction due to climate change.
Abundant liquid water newly discovered underneath the world's great ice sheets could intensify the destabilizing
effects of global
warming on the sheets.
That was the key message
of a new study recently published in the journal Science, in which American and German biologists defined the first universal principle
on the combined
effects of ocean
warming and oxygen loss
on the productivity
of marine life forms.
The researchers found that
on windy nights it wasn't possible to measure the cooling
effects of the green spaces beyond their boundaries as there was too much turbulent mixing
of the air; but
on calm
warm nights they estimate that a network
of green spaces
of around 3 - 5 hectares each situated 100 - 150 m apart would provide comprehensive cooling for a city with a climate and characteristics similar to London.
Whereas carbon levels can affect
warming on a global scale, the
effects of increased albedo and poor evotranspiration would affect temperatures only
on a regional level.
Carrying excess fat does not contribute to a
warmer body in obese mice, a new study
on the insulating
effects of fat finds.
But she's still excited by the new «
warm up - and - watch» approach, which she hopes could be used elsewhere to forecast the
effects of climate change
on entire ecosystems.