Sentences with phrase «effects over land»

AGW thus has the largest effect over land and the colder the land the more the effect so higher latitudes which are frozen over in the winter are naturally dryer on average than land without freezing winters.

More to the point, it is not enough just to live next to a pollution source and to check the local thermometer readings (aerosols have a negligible cooling effect over land in winter).

But now that 70 % of your potentially insulated surface is gone the GHG effect over land isn't going to be very consequential.

Not exact matches

This is in effect a consolidation of the advantages of Europeans in the control over land and resources in the whole world.

The world's food security would be ensured even with over 9 billion people in 2050, agricultural land area would not increase, greenhouse gas emissions would be lowered and the negative effects of today's intensive food systems, such as nitrogen surplus and high pesticide exposure, would be greatly reduced.

Gordon wrote on many topics: angling techniques («The fly must be placed to an inch as the fish will rarely take it unless it floats over them just right»), the books he read, the effects of drought and floods on fish, the seasons of the year («The silence of the snows is over all the land, and the bright waters of our trout streams run almost black between icy banks») and his belief in the natural fly as a model for the artificial («The insect must be studied and many patterns dressed before one can hope to satisfy the critical eyes of the trout»).

«We've shown that under clean and humid conditions, like those that exist over the ocean and some land in the tropics, tiny aerosols have a big impact on weather and climate and can intensify storms a great deal,» said Fan, an expert on the effects of pollution on storms and weather.

Professor Friedlingstein, who is an expert in global carbon cycle studies added: «Current land carbon cycle models do not show this increase over the last 50 years, perhaps because these models underestimate emerging drought effects on tropical ecosystems.»

The goal is two-fold: One, get samples from the sand sheet and learn more about how ash and other particles that landed there from a nearby volcano have changed over time, especially from the effects of wind — a common, persistent weathering agent on Mars.

These models are nearly all designed to estimate biofuels» effects on prices over the long term, after farmers have ample time to plow up and plant more land, and do not speak to prices in the shorter term.

The effect was easier to see over water than land because, in general, the atmosphere above the oceans is relatively low in aerosols — tiny liquid or solid particles that float in the air.

Pierre, could you comment on what, exactly, is new in the recent Philipona paper, compared with the two similar papers they published last year («Greenhouse forcing outweighs decreasing solar radiation driving rapid temperature rise over land», «Radiative forcing — measured at Earth's surface — corroborate the increasing greenhouse effect»)?

The forcing over the last 150 years is around 1.6 W / m2 (including cooling effects from aerosols and land use change) but the climate is not (yet) in equilibirum, and so the full temperature response has not been acheived.

Methods: To understand the effects of economic forces from climate policy on terrestrial carbon and land use changes, the researchers used the MiniCAM, an integrated assessment model developed by the PNNL team over the last two decades, to compare different scenarios.

From PRINCETON UNIVERSITY: Princeton University researchers have found that the climate models scientists use to project future conditions on our planet underestimate the cooling effect that clouds have on a daily — and even hourly — basis, particularly over land.

It explores the diversity of its landscape from the seas to the arid interior, the effects of flood, drought and bushfire and the impact of over 200 years of European settlement on the land, its plant and animals.

They can be so stupid that Steve could probably get them to sign over their land for a buffalo nickel and a can of Spam, only to turn around and use Google to investigate the side effects of fracking, as well as pending legal cases facing Steve and Sue's company.

This film may not be great enough to wonder why it didn't feature in the award season discussion (and its Visual Effects nomination over the more effects - driven Scott Pilgrim vs. the World and Tron: Legacy is a real head - scratcher), but it still easily lands at the better end of modern cinema.

Half the increase in urban land across the world over the next 20 years will occur in Asia, with the most extensive change expected to take place in India and China Urban areas modify their local and regional climate through the urban heat island effect and by altering precipitation patterns, which together will have significant impacts on net primary production, ecos...

Sound effects consist of punching, kicking, grappling and a variety of fighting moves as they are aimed, blocked or landed, crunching impacts from super moves and painful screams and groans, especially when a super move has inflicted such damage upon a character, while destructible environments are reflected when a fighter throws an object towards an enemy or a fighter is driven into a nearby object, alongside climactic cinematic music which perfectly compliments the voice - overs and sound effects.

As you explore this sprawling series of solar systems (over 4x the size of Mass Effect 3), collecting resources and building colonies, you will encounter the savagery of untamed lands in the form of cut - throat outlaws and warring alien races.

As is the case with most 2D racing games these days, things like leaning back before going over a ramp or lining your tires up with the ground before landing will have an effect on your momentum - and by extension your completion time and even your character's survivability.

As I dug deeper I was struck by the sense of outrage and loss this painting aroused in so many people: The family of Lea Bondi, determined to reclaim the stolen portrait she had failed to recover in her lifetime; the Manhattan District Attorney who sent shock waves through the international art world and enraged many of New York's most prominent cultural organizations when he issued a subpoena and launched a criminal investigation following the surprise resurfacing of Portrait of Wally; the New York art dealer who tipped off a reporter about the painting during the opening of the Schiele exhibition at MoMA; the Senior Special Agent at the Department of Homeland Security who vowed not to retire until the fight was over; the art theft investigator who unearthed the post-war subterfuge and confusion that ultimately landed the painting in the hands of a young, obsessed Schiele collector; the museum official who testified before Congress that the seizure of Portrait of Wally could have a crippling effect on the ability of American museums to borrow works of art; the Assistant United States Attorney who took the case to the eve of trial; and the legendary Schiele collector who bartered for Portrait of Wally in the early 1950s and fought to the end of his life to bring it home to Vienna.

In addition, since the global surface temperature records are a measure that responds to albedo changes (volcanic aerosols, cloud cover, land use, snow and ice cover) solar output, and differences in partition of various forcings into the oceans / atmosphere / land / cryosphere, teasing out just the effect of CO2 + water vapor over the short term is difficult to impossible.

Also, due to the multiplicity of anthropogenic and natural effects on the climate over this time (i.e. aerosols, land - use change, greenhouse gases, ozone changes, solar, volcanic etc.) it is difficult to accurately define the forcings.

While there is good data over the last century, there were many different changes to planet's radiation balance (greenhouse gases, aerosols, solar forcing, volcanoes, land use changes etc.), some of which are difficult to quantify (for instance the indirect aerosol effects) and whose history is not well known.

All of the discussion about accelerating increases in temperature that I've read over the last couple of years pin the effect on feedbacks.Particularly changes in the land.

We find that without dramatic increases in the area of forests, without substantially positive changes in land - use practices, without large net positive effects of CO2 or climate change in the future, or without some other new significant carbon storage mechanism, the U.S. carbon sink itself will decrease substantially over the 21st century.

For example, we have done many GCM simulations showing that tropical deforestation — at least averaged over the tropical land masses — induces warming that is greater than the effects of CO2.

In fact, stored heat in the crust has a big effect on daily weather patterns; witness the buildup in convective activity and large currents driven over land versus over water (e.g. coastal areas like the Bay Area).

So not only is the effect greatly reduced, it's hard to argue that the discrepancy between expected and observed amplification is due to «bias» over land.

Warming over land can have multiple effects, including melting of mountain glaciers, spread of deserts in continental interiors, greater flooding, more frequent heat waves and other extreme weather patterns.

A model of the imperfections is needed to enable the compensation, and the teams who provide values of global temperature each use a different model for the imperfections (i.e. they make different selections of which points to use, they provide different weightings for e.g. effects over ocean and land, and so on).

These models have correctly predicted effects subsequently confirmed by observation, including greater warming in the Arctic and over land, greater warming at night, and stratospheric cooling.

Moreover, the atmospheric greenhouse effect hiatus can be found over both sea and land.

Because of the shorter period of the CERES EBAF product, the areal averaged Gsa [surface greenhouse effect] is represented only between 2003 and 2014 in Fig. 2 but shows no notable trend over the globe, sea or land.

That land changes over this period may have slightly increased temperature, and has had regional affects upon climate, and multitude undefined possible effects.

So no need to appeal to the usual, debunked «skeptic» talking points about urban heat island effects and the like, in order to explain lack of amplification over land.

The naked assumption that HADCRUT3 represents an unbiased estimate of GST, as if that index was free of UHI effects on land and had fully adequate spatio - temporal coverage over the oceans from1850 to present.

Given the fact the the bulk of the energy in the TOA imbalance is getting stored in the ocean, yet temperature anomalies over the ocean are less than over the land, for the above stated reasons, the global combined land and ocean (that is, air over the ocean) temperature anomalies actually tend to greatly understate to a the actual effects of the anthropogenic caused TOA anomaly.

In fact, since the RFS expanded renewable fuel volumes in 2007, over 1/3 of corn production and nearly 1/4 of the oil produced from soybeans have been diverted to biofuels.1 As the EPA points out, «because many biofuel feedstocks require land, water, and other resources, research suggests that biofuel production may give rise to several undesirable effects.»

Resolved There is significant (or discernible) evidence of anthropogenic global warming, distinct from land use effects and natural variability, over the past

A set of GCM simulations dedicated to quantify the effect of land use change relative to changes in the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration over the past century revealed that the land use effect is largely limited to the area of land use change.

The same effect happens whenever a hurricane hits land - its energy begins to reduce, while over the ocean, it builds up its power.

Since you are a frequent visitor to WUWT, you are well aware that I have illustrated, explained, and animated cause (ENSO) and effect (the warming of sea surface temperatures, ocean heat content, lower troposphere temperatures, and land + sea surface temperatures) in dozens of blog posts over the past 3 1/2 years.

A few locations over land exhibit weak cooling over this time, perhaps a signature of the effects of increasing aerosol particles due to combustion and biomass burning, or a result of changes in land use.

They say that world would actually warm up by just 1.64 °C overall, and the vegetation - cooling effect would be stronger over land to boot — thus temperatures on land would would be a further 0.3 °C cooler compared to the present sims.»

Models also correctly predicted other effects subsequently confirmed by observation, including greater warming in the Arctic and over land, greater warming at night, and stratospheric cooling.

Urban heat island effects are real but local, and have a negligible influence (less than 0.006 °C per decade over land and zero over the oceans) on these values.

Ice on land or excess above that mentioned above is not of sufficient quantity to noticably effect sea level if it all melted even over a short few hundred years.