Not exact matches
It is
also late in the first year of life that children begin to develop
effortful control.
Individual differences in
effortful control, although partly due to heredity, are
also associated with the quality of parent - child interactions.
Extraversion / surgency and low
effortful control have
also been associated with the development of behaviour problems.
System 2, which corresponds closely with
controlled processes, is slow,
effortful, conscious, rule - based and
also can be employed to monitor the quality of the answer provided by System 1.
Depression and attachment insecurity of the primary caregiver and more distal family adversity factors (such as incomplete schooling or vocational training of parents, high person - to - room ratio, early parenthood, and broken - home history of parents) were found to best predict inadequate parenting13, 14 and precede the development of a child's low compliance with parents, low
effortful control, and behavior problems.13, 15, — , 17 These psychosocial familial characteristics might
also constrain the transfer of program contents into everyday family life and the maintenance of modified behaviors after the conclusion of the programs.
Extraversion / surgency and low
effortful control have
also been associated with the development of behaviour problems.
Individual differences in
effortful control, although partly due to heredity, are
also associated with the quality of parent - child interactions.
It is
also late in the first year of life that children begin to develop
effortful control.
Also, the higher order temperamental factor of
effortful control was significantly and negatively associated with ODD problems as rated by teachers.
Furthermore, the higher order temperamental factor of
effortful control was
also significantly and negatively associated with ODD parent rate.
Finally, our data on temperament, CU traits and ODD - related problems highlight the importance of broadening the analysis of early temperamental vulnerability factors beyond fearlessness, by
also considering protective factors, such as
effortful control, and its subcomponents.
In addition to independent contributions of temperament dimensions, potential moderator effects between negative affectivity and
effortful control on ODD problems were
also tested.
Moreover, the protective role of temperamental
effortful control was
also evident in relationship to ODD - related problems.
We
also considered possible additive and / or interactive contributions of child dispositional anger and psychosocial adversity, and whether relations between
effortful control and early externalizing problems were moderated by child gender.
Mothers» and fathers» awareness of their own and of their children's emotions and coaching child emotions were indirectly related to child externalising and internalising problems through child negative affectivity and
effortful control, and awareness was
also directly related to the child's externalising and internalising problems.
Low levels of
effortful control and more fine - grained traits within this dimension (such as attention focusing, inhibitory
control and low - intensity pleasure) were found to predict externalizing problem behavior,
also when internalizing problems co-occurred [22, 24].
We
also thank the administrators of the University of Michigan Children's Center for their generous assistance, Grazyna Kochanska for allowing us to use her behavioral battery of
effortful control tasks, Kathy Murray for helping us with numerous details concerning the behavioral battery, and Mary Rothbart, Jack Bates, Patricia Kerig, and Thomas Power for allowing us to use their parent self - report measures.
High levels of negative affect and low levels of
effortful control at age 3 were statistical predictors of ODD levels at age 5, and this relationship was
also moderated by paternal anxiety and depression.