The hallmark of lethal
effusive FIP is the accumulation of fluid inside the abdomen and / or chest cavity.
Cats with
effusive FIP usually develop progressive, nonpainful abdominal distention due to peritoneal fluid accumulation.5, 10 Pleural fluid is present in up to 25 % of cats with
effusive FIP.10 If a sufficient amount of fluid is present in the pleural space, these cats may exhibit exercise intolerance and dyspnea.
Pericardial or scrotal fluid accumulation has also been observed in cats with
effusive FIP.10, 14
Effusive FIP is caused by Arthus - type, immune - complex damage to small blood vessels that permits leakage of serum protein and fluid into body cavities.
The development of CMI is the most crucial factor in determining the ultimate outcome of FIPV infection.4, 5,12 Cats that produce humoral antibodies but fail to generate an effective CMI response develop
effusive FIP.4, 5 Experimental evidence demonstrates that cats with non-
effusive FIP often have preceding, transient effusive disease.4 Thus, noneffusive FIP is believed to result from a partially protective CMI response that is unable to wall off and contain the virus.4
As you would expect, the anti-viral was most effective against cats with the acute form of FIP,
effusive FIP, but less so against non-
effusive FIP.
When
effusive FIP is occurring in a kitten, it may just appear to be fading away or not growing satisfactorily.
Veterinary pathologists can also detect the characteristic granulomas of non-
effusive FIP and the surface inflammation and vascular changes of
effusive FIP, when they are given tissue samples from the cat to study microscopically.
The most characteristic sign of
effusive FIP is the accumulation of fluid within the abdomen and / or chest.
Not exact matches
The major forms of lethal
FIP are
effusive (wet)
FIP, noneffusive (dry)
FIP, and combinations of both.
Once clinical signs appear, cats with the
effusive (wet) form of
FIP will live a few days to a few weeks, although some adult cats may linger for six to eight months.
Cats with noneffusive
FIP may survive longer than those with the
effusive form — but virtually all cats afflicted with clinical
FIP will eventually die from it.
When the fluid your veterinarian collects from
effusive cases of
FIP contains large amounts of globulin protein and inflammatory cells (neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes)
FIP is often the cause.
If the
effusive form of
FIP, the form where organ surfaces (polyserositis) and blood vessel inflammation (vasculitis) cause liquids to accumulate, is centered in their chest, they will show breathing difficulties (dyspnea).
The signs you see in the
effusive form of
FIP are believed to be the result of your cat's immune system attacking what it perceives as a threat from foreign invader.
Generally, cats will exhibit the signs of the noneffusive form
FIP more slowly than the
effusive form.
Recordings of my webinars on the diagnosis of
effusive and non-
effusive FIP and on feline coronavirus and the gastrointestinal tract are are available from the Webinarvet website.
Unfortunately, Polyprenyl Immunostimulant does not work on
effusive (wet)
FIP cases.