Not exact matches
Fertile women can stop baby - making with Norplant, RU486 or abortion, while infertile couples can make babies with the help
of artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization (IVF), donor semen, donor
eggs, frozen embryos and
surrogate mothers.
Egg Donors and
Surrogate Mothers are the balance that can tip the scales
of inequality for Intended Parents.
Historically,
surrogate mothers were also genetically - related to the babies they carried, but nowadays most intended parents either use their own
eggs or select
eggs from donors as a separate facet
of the surrogacy process.
Although the law
of Utah explicitly allows gestational surrogacy (in which the
surrogate mother is not the biological contributor
of the
egg) agreements, it appears to exclude surrogacy agreements
of same - sex couples.
Twenty healthy mouse pups were born after fertilised
eggs from the treated ovaries were implanted into
surrogate mothers (Proceedings
of the National Academy
of Sciences, DOI: 10.1073 / pnas.1001198107).
That
egg now contains an exact duplicate
of the donor's genome, and if all goes well when it is implanted into a
surrogate mother, a clone will result.
To make Dolly, researchers took the nucleus out
of a mature
egg and replaced it with the nucleus from a cell
of the ewe they wanted to clone; then they activated development with electrical pulses and implanted the embryo into a
surrogate mother ewe.
Finding suitable
eggs and
surrogate mothers for the cloning
of extinct or endangered animals will pose another challenge.
Hwang's team put together 1095
eggs containing the DNA
of a three - year - old adult male Afghan, and transferred them into 123
surrogate mothers.
After many attempts, CC was created by coaxing the nucleus
of a cell from a calico cat into an enucleated
egg; an electrical spark prompted the hybrid to divide, and the resulting embryo was then transferred into a
surrogate mother.
Schon's team compared a highly variable region
of the mitochondrial DNA from cells
of Dolly's genetic
mother and from the breed
of sheep that provided the
surrogate egg.
If the
eggs are implanted in a closely related
surrogate mother, some pregnancies produce living offspring
of the extinct species.
We have proposed simultaneous experiments to optimize the process
of cloning Black - footed Ferrets using domestic ferrets as
surrogate egg cell donors and
mothers, thus avoiding using endangered Black - footed Ferrets for experimental procedures.
STEIN: You see, to clone a dog, you need to use a lot
of other dogs, female dogs, to get
eggs to make cloned dog embryos and be
surrogate mother dogs.
However, disputes over parentage also arise between biological parents and stepparents, between
surrogate mothers and the parties with whom they have contracted, and between sperm and / or
egg donors and the recipients
of their genetic material in cases
of in vitro fertilization or artificial insemination.