Therefore, it appears that the biceps moment arm increases from 20 degrees
of elbow flexion up to 90 degrees, where it falls again only slightly.
The brachialis is the muscle under your biceps, while the brachioradialis is the long muscle running from the center of the upper arm to the center of the forearm, responsible
for elbow flexion.
Nevertheless, it seems that the moment arm length of the triceps decreases gradually in a linear fashion
as elbow flexion increases.
Note: The biceps is most active
in elbow flexion when the forearm is supinated, and when the shoulder is neutral or extended.
Although it's true that every time you perform a back exercise which
involves elbow flexion, you're engaging your biceps, this is far from enough to overload your bi's, even with the added effect of bicep involvement in chest and shoulder training (suppose you do those regularly).
If you want to maximize your bi's peak and overall arm size and width, you need a new strategy — one that
emphasizes elbow flexion and slower rep speed in order to increase the stress placed on the brachialis.
Hammer curls are a perfect low - intensity exercise for building of the brachialis, which is an important muscle in the upper arm that's activated during
isometric elbow flexion.
Furthermore, the short head appears to be more active in the latter part of an arm curl (i.e.
greater elbow flexion) while the long head is more active in the early phase.
If you can't
initiate elbow flexion without swinging the hips, you need to drop the weight and focus on just using the biceps to start the pull.
Preacher Curls - First part of
elbow flexion Barbell curls - midrange and Concentration curls - last range of flexion
Marchant, D.C., Greig, M., & Scott, C. (2009) Attentional focusing instructions influence force production and muscular activity during
isokinetic elbow flexions.
Preacher curls only work
on elbow flexion, which means you're missing 50 % of the muscle's action.
In the sagittal plane, the short and long head of the biceps
perform elbow flexion and displays its greatest force producing potential with the elbow flexed at 90 degrees.
While the bench press produces superior muscle activity compared to the shoulder press despite
similar elbow flexion ranges of motion, it appears the load lifted is also greater, thus indicating that greater loads produce superior triceps muscle activity during compound exercises with similar elbow joint range of motion.
These studies have reported on programs of single - joint knee extension exercise (Smith & Melton, 1981; Kovaleski et al. 1995; Wojtys et al. 1996; Golik - Peric et al. 2011), on programs of single -
joint elbow flexion exercise (O'Hagan et al. 1995; Staniszewski et al. 2016).
You weren't asking about that region, but I'll tell you anyway that you can train that muscle with any neutral
grip elbow flexion movement (e.g. hammer curls, neutral grip pull ups).
In the next phase, you're going to start at the top and lower the bar to just above the sticking point (which is usually 90 degrees
of elbow flexion).
EMG studies of the long head of the biceps brachii show that muscle fibers in the lateral portion of the muscle are recruited
for elbow flexion, fibers in the medial aspect are recruited for supination, and centrally located fibers are recruited for non-linear combinations of flexion and supination.
This is likely due to the vertical displacement of the bar at the start of the sticking point and resulting shoulder abduction and
elbow flexion angles, and therefore, the sticking region of unsuccessful attempts starts earlier in the ascending phase compared with successful lifts.
Your partner should now slowly rotate your arm so that your hand moves toward your ear, pushing it as far as possible, while you focus on maintaining the 90 - degree
elbow flexion.
During the bench press, she starts in horizontal abduction, scapular depression and retraction,
elbow flexion, internal rotation, and spinal extension.
The main opposing movements are
elbow flexion and shoulder extension.
Focus on gradually squeezing the bicep at the top of the movement and only bringing the weight up asd high as
your elbow flexion allows.
Squeeze the biceps hard into the mid-point to get the most active range of motion out of
your elbow flexion.
Also, hammer curls do an excellent job distributing the workload to all of the muscles responsible for
elbow flexion.
Too much «pulling» will result in a greater degree of
elbow flexion and won't optimally hit the lats.
Murray et al. (1995) found that the moment arm of the biceps appears to peak (length = 38 mm) at 90 degrees of
elbow flexion, while its minimum (length = 20 mm) is displayed at 20 degrees of elbow flexion.
Jarrett et al. (2012) found that the peak moment arm length of the short head of the biceps was approximately 9 mm, while the minimum moment arm was 5.75 mm during forearm pronation - supination at 90 degrees of
elbow flexion.
At 90 degrees of
elbow flexion, as the forearm moves from 80 degrees of pronation (palm almost parallel with floor) the moment arm starts to increase rapidly from approximately 11 mm to the peak moment arm length (approximately = 14 mm) at 60 degrees of pronation.
The biceps display their greatest force producing potential at 90 degrees of
elbow flexion.
These data indicate that the biceps is a superior forearm supinator with the elbow orientated at 90 degrees of
elbow flexion.
At 45 degrees of
elbow flexion, with the arm flexed at 45 degrees, the peak moment arm length is much less (length = 7 mm) displayed at 30 degrees of pronation.
At 0 degrees of
elbow flexion, with the elbow positioned to 0 degrees of flexion (straight arm) the peak moment arm is displayed at approximately 45 degrees of pronation (length = 5 mm), while the minimum moment arm is displayed at 60 to 80 degrees of supination (0 mm).
The moment arm of the biceps appears to peak around 90 degrees of
elbow flexion (Ettema et al., 1998; Jarrett et al. 2012).
Murray et al. (1995) found that the moment arm decreased from 38 mm to 25 mm between 90 and 120 degrees of
elbow flexion.
The moment arm of the biceps appears to be greatest at 90 degrees of
elbow flexion (Jarrett et al., 2012; Bremer et al., 2006).
Assessing the effect of bench press muscle action, Mookerje & Ratamess (1999) found a main difference in
elbow flexion and extension action durations such that the elbow flexion action was significantly shorter than the extension duration, most likely due to force development being greater eccentrically than concentrically.
Murray et al. (1995) reported that the peak moment arm (length = around 22.0 mm) of the triceps occurred at 20 degrees of
elbow flexion (semi-straight arm), while the minimum moment arm (length = around 18.0 mm) is displayed at between 110 — 130 degrees of elbow flexion (nearly completely bent elbow).
Landin & Thompson (2010) investigated the effect of
elbow flexion and shoulder extension joint angle on the peak moment of the long head of the triceps.
Clemons & Aaron (1997) showed that triceps muscle activity during a maximal bench press performed with a number of grip widths exceeded 100 % of MVIC tested at 90 degrees
elbow flexion.
In support of this, Sugisaki et al. (2010) reported that the triceps displayed a peak moment arm (length = 23.9 mm) at 30 degrees of
elbow flexion and a minimum moment arm (length = 17.4 mm) at 110 degrees of elbow flexion.
Isometric muscle strength was measured by knee extension,
elbow flexion, and hand grip.