Sentences with phrase «electric potential difference»

Some researchers have used EMG amplitude to explore electric potential difference within muscles during fatiguing exercise.

Electric potential difference in muscles is most often studied using EMG in relation to agonist muscles performing either isometric or dynamic movements but it can also be measured in both agonist and antagonist muscles, in order to study co-activation (Fee & Miller, 2012).

This section details the background to the study of electricity in muscles and explains how electric potential difference within muscles can be measured with electromyography (EMG).

When using fine wire electrodes, it may be possible to identify the electric potential difference within a single muscle fiber (Reaz et al. 2006), which is in contrast to when using surface electrodes.

The presence of an electric potential difference in a muscle or in a single muscle fiber can be measured between pairs of electrodes as a voltage (in mV or μV).

After performing experiments in which electric potential difference within muscles is measured using EMG, researchers generally draw inferences about what this might mean for other variables.

Even after accounting for the equipment and environmental noise that interferes with the electromyogram, there are many other factors that affect the size of the electric potential difference that is recorded from the muscle.

However, this has been strongly criticised (Vigotsky et al. 2015a; Vigotsky et al. 2015b), not least because the electric potential difference within muscles, which is measured by EMG amplitude, is a function of both muscle fiber recruitment and motor unit firing frequency, as well as of several additional peripheral factors (Kuriki et al. 2012).

Intermediate factors are those that are affected by either extrinsic or intrinsic factors and which impact on the resulting EMG signal, such as the electric potential difference in neighbouring muscles that produces crosstalk, or the conduction velocity of the action potentials in the motor neurons (De Luca, 1997).

When measuring electric potential difference within muscles using EMG, there are different electrode types available, different normalization options, and a range of possible data processing methods to choose from.

It has been found that the linear or non-linear nature of the relationship may be dependent upon the inter-relation between motor unit recruitment and motor unit firing frequency (Solomonow et al. 1989), with linearity being observed when full motor recruitment occurs before motor unit firing frequency occurs but non-linearity occurring when motor unit recruitment and motor unit firing frequency contribute together to the increases in electric potential difference within muscles and the subsequent increase in muscle force.

The study of electricity in muscles probably began as early as the middle of the 1600s, with the discovery of the electric ray fish and experiments using frog legs (Clarys, 1994; Reaz et al. 2006), although it was not until 1792 that it was discovered that electricity could actually produce muscle contractions (Reaz et al. 2006), and 1849, when it was found that electric potential difference (also known as voltage) could be monitored in voluntary muscle actions (Reaz et al. 2006).

EMG can therefore be most simply defined as the study of electricity in muscles (usually by reference to the electric potential difference, recorded as a voltage)(Reaz et al. 2006; Burden, 2007).

Electrochromic coatings, such as tungsten trioxide (WO3), have the ability to change their optical properties in the presence of a small electric potential difference, a property essential for the construction of energy efficient windows.

The sensor measures the electric potential difference in the reinforced concrete — large differences mean that the reinforcement has already started to corrode in those areas.

«One of the most important aspects of our finding is the significance of the electric potential difference between the film of interest and the apposing surface in initiating corrosion,» Kristiansen added.

When the electric potential difference reaches a certain critical value, the more likely corrosion will begin and the quicker it will spread.

During a thunderstorm, a buildup of electric potential difference — called voltage — between a cloud and the ground leads to a sudden, violent discharge of that electric energy in the form of lightning.

The presence of electric potential differences in muscles is the result of motor unit action potentials produced by the central nervous system (CNS).

These electric potential differences can be measured using electromyography (EMG) and reported as an EMG amplitude.

The presence of electric potential differences within muscles is the result of motor unit action potentials produced by the central nervous system (CNS).

EMG amplitude is the sum of the electric potential differences within a muscle relating to all of the active motor units in the vicinity of the electrodes on the skin.

Not exact matches

Alessandro Volta (1745 — 1827) The namesake behind today's volts, which measure differences in electrical potential, Italian physicist and experimentalist Volta discovered methane, used his tongue to detect electricity and invented the first electric battery.

And this electric field matches the constant energy potential difference to be found across the membrane of a typical cell.

When the detector is illuminated — say, by a bright star — electric charges will be freed that will travel in the detector (helped by an electrical potential difference) until they are detected.