Sentences with phrase «electron density»

By being able to measure electron density with high accuracy in atmospheric pressure low - temperature plasma, it is no longer necessary to rely solely upon experience and trial and error.

Their signature can be detected in the upper atmosphere as either fluctuations in air pressure or as electron density disruptions.

At a high enough electron density, each cloud reflects high - frequency radio waves like a mirror.

There also is the advantage that high - accuracy electron density can be measured.

In connection with violent solar eruptions, large variations occur in electron density in the ionosphere over Greenland, which interferes with GPH navigation signals as well as flight and satellite communication.

Mezey has a huge database of electron density maps that he would like to make available to other scientists.

The novel experimental approach and the concept of the study itself were conceived after one of the paper's authors, Harvard University theoretical physicist Subir Sachdev, pondered the differing electron density wave behavior along the different bonds of the CuO2 unit cell.

«Plasma for medical, biological uses: New electron density diagnostic method.»

In particular, Alwyn Jones at Uppsala University in Sweden took on the task of answering the needs of crystallographers for electron density fitting tools.

Through this success, we demonstrated that we can measure electron density with higher accuracy than previous interferometers and also comparatively easily.

The authors discuss manufacturing methods for Ga2O3 wafers, the ability to control electron density, and the challenges with hole transport.

A joint study carried out by the Finnish Meteorological Institute and the Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory of the University of Oulu has developed ionospheric electron density imaging techniques.

Today, X-rays are used extensively in medical imaging because they have a high penetration depth through materials and are selectively absorbed by the parts of the body with the highest electron density such as bones.

Diagnostics techniques for fusion plasma research are applied to this achievement and make it possible to diagnose electron density using an interferometer, which in the past had been difficult due to influences from the atmosphere.

Researchers from The University of Manchester's Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics have developed and demonstrated a process for continuous electron density measurement of the previously under - explored D region of the ionosphere — a part of the atmosphere that previously could only be sensitively probed by short - lived rocket - borne instruments.

Simulations show two - dimensional electron density distribution for the injector stage (A), compressor stage (B) and accelerator stage (C), where the target e-beam is circled by a dashed circle (in red).

a software suite for the modelling of large conformational changes of 3 - D protein structures under the constraint of a low resolution electron density map.

«It was very satisfying to see such high resolution electron densities by the second day of our experiment, but to then also see such strong signals from the changes in the structure was even more exciting,»

A joint study carried out by the Finnish Meteorological Institute and the Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory of the University of Oulu has developed ionospheric electron density imaging techniques.

Cryo - electron microscopy (cryo - EM) is an experimental technique that generates 3D electron density maps of medium resolution (7 - 10Å) for large macromolecular assemblies.

«The high electron density within this plasma makes it an excellent conductor of electricity, just like metal,» Anderson says.

They were also able to measure the modulated electron density caused by the substitution.

«It took us 35 minutes to get the first ever electron density map of HIV protease, and I estimate it would have taken 300 years using conventional techniques,» he says.

Frontier electron density at the ether oxygen position and superdelocalizability at the ortho position show good parallelism with biological activity — that is, the stimulant activity of phenyl ether choline molecules.

The carbohydrate moiety associated with this residue, which is recognizable in the cryo - EM electron density, may function as an attachment site of the virus to host cells.

On the other hand, in magnetic field confinement fusion plasma intended for a fusion reactor, which research is being conducted at the National Institute for Fusion Science, development of high precision electron density measurements is becoming an important research topic.

Interferometry, which uses a laser beam, is the representative electron density diagnostic method.

The measurement method using the harmonic interferometer that we have developed does not depend upon gas composition used when plasma is produced, as compared to other electron density diagnostic methods for atmospheric pressure low - temperature plasma.

It shows the calculated electron density distribution within the material.

A relatively new frontier for studying 2D matter is provided by planar collections of electrons at the surface of transition - metal - oxide (TMO) materials, in which high electron densities give rise to interactions that are stronger than in semiconductors.

The blue mesh is the experimental electron density, and the blue solid lines are the protein side chains that provide a scaffold for the catalytic complex.

Recently, Pyle used this mathematical approach to create libraries of discrete RNA conformations that can be used to build RNA structures using electron density data and, in the future, data from cryoelectron microscopy.

Arrows indicate the chain direction, and electron density contours outline the non-H atoms.

The brown balls represents the Cu atoms and the single gray ball with light - blue iso - density contours represents the host time - dependent electron density perturbation affected by the presence of H +.

The research published today in Nature Methods by BioXFEL researcher Tom Grant discusses a new algorithm that enables the reconstruction of the 3D electron density function of a molecule from the 1D solution scattering data.

Longitudinal structure in the CHAMP electron densities and their implications for global ionospheric modeling

So we selected electron density profiles with pronounced ionization at E-Layer height in the range of about 90 — 150 km for studying the geophysical conditions under which such enhancements were observed (Mayer & Jakowski 2009).

At the JET nuclear fusion research facility, in the UK near Abingdon, Oxfordshire, lidar Thomson Scattering is used to determine Electron Density and Temperature profiles of the plasma.