Sentences with phrase «electron flows in»

Ordinarily, electrons flowing in a metal lose energy as they ricochet off defects in crystalline material.

So many electrons flow in a conventional cable that the current appears to be homogeneous.

In the current study, the researchers theorize that the laws of physics prohibit current from flowing in the crystal's bulk and top and bottom surfaces, but permit electron flow in completely different ways on the side surfaces through the hourglass - shaped channels.

«With this discovery, instead of facing the challenge of how to use only the electrons on the surface of a material, now you can just cut the material open and you have light - like electrons flowing in three dimensions inside the materials,» said M. Zahid Hasan, a professor of physics at Princeton, who led the discovery.

«The term topological insulator is now quite famous, and the yet term «insulator» means that there are no electrons flowing in the bulk of the material,» Xu said.

(Normally, their Coulomb forces would repel each other, but the electrons flowing in the opposite directions tended to neutralize those repulsive forces.)

X05 Invited Hydrodynamic electron flow in topological materials Room: LACC 152 Sponsor: DCMP DMP Chair: Stuart Parkin Invited Speakers: Andrew Mackenzie, Sean Hartnoll, Subir Sachdev, Johannes Gooth, Roshan Krishna

Not exact matches

Our cells break down the sugars, and the electrons flow through them in a complex set of chemical reactions until they are passed on to electron - hungry oxygen.

In an ordinary superconductor, electrons, which carry a spin of 1/2, pair up and flow uninhibited with the help of vibrations in the atomic structurIn an ordinary superconductor, electrons, which carry a spin of 1/2, pair up and flow uninhibited with the help of vibrations in the atomic structurin the atomic structure.

The researchers suspected that quinones also could move electrons in flow batteries.

Our cells break down the sugars, and the electrons flow through them in a complex set of chemical reactions until they are passed on to electron - hungry oxygen.

We know that life, when you boil it right down, is a flow of electrons: «You eat sugars that have excess electrons, and you breathe in oxygen that willingly takes them.»

In the electrical currents that flow in the microcircuits of today's gadgets, the electrons behave like particles and follow classical, predictable laws of heat transfeIn the electrical currents that flow in the microcircuits of today's gadgets, the electrons behave like particles and follow classical, predictable laws of heat transfein the microcircuits of today's gadgets, the electrons behave like particles and follow classical, predictable laws of heat transfer.

Tracking electrons inside the crystals, the team made another discovery: The charge flow depends on direction, an observation that seems to fly in the face of physics.

As bacteria stream through a microfluidic lattice, they synchronize and swim in patterns similar to those of electrons flowing through a magnetic material.

If, however, the gap size was 8 microns or larger, the researchers observed a phase transition, in which bacteria in every well synchronized, flowing in the same direction, like aligned electrons in a magnetic field.

«Electrons must flow in order for energy to be gained.

But in a technique called adiabatic quantum computing, researchers cool metal circuits into a superconducting state in which electrons flow freely, resulting in qubits.

Natelson's research involves complicated electron flow through single - molecule transistors, as well as organic semiconductors — carbon - based materials that are intended to replace silicon transistors in some electronic devices.

Incorporation of CNTs enhanced electron flow associated with photosynthesis by 49 % in extracted chloroplasts and by 30 % in leaves of living plants, and incorporation of cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) into extracted chloroplasts significantly reduced concentrations of superoxide, a compound that is toxic to plants.

In superconductors cooled to extremely low temperatures, electrons flow unimpeded.

Shim and his research team combined X-ray techniques in the synchrotron radiation facility at the U.S. Department of Energy's National Labs and atomic resolution electron microscopy at ASU to determine what causes unusual flow patterns in rocks that lie 600 miles and more deep within the Earth.

In a typical copper wire, most electrons would bounce back from such an obstruction and the rest would get absorbed, impeding the flow.

Neutrons are ideal tools for identifying and characterizing magnetism in almost any material, because they, like electrons, exhibit a flow of magnetism called «spin.»

Electrons zing through the stuff in an unusual way, and they flow so easily that graphene could someday replace silicon and other semiconductors as the material of choice for microchips.

In that case, the electrons can flow in only a few quantum channels that close one by one as the magnetic field increaseIn that case, the electrons can flow in only a few quantum channels that close one by one as the magnetic field increasein only a few quantum channels that close one by one as the magnetic field increases.

Steve: And there are people who are out there, instead of hacking into the actual electrons that are flowing, and reading what you are up to that way, they are in an office building a block away with the telescope looking through the office window of somebody else and just looking at the computer screen to read what they are up to.

The electromagnetic field creates an oscillation in the antenna, producing an alternating flow of electrons.

Hydrogen atoms are formed in such devices only when electrons flow into a fluid where they can combine with hydrogen ions; those atoms in turn combine with each other to create hydrogen gas.

As a read head moves above bits of magnetic data, changes in the magnetic orientation of those bits alter the electrical resistance of electrons flowing through the sensor, translating the magnetic data into a stream of electrical pulses.

In new superconductors, electrons flow through layers of iron and arsenic interspersed among layers of other atoms.

In this configuration the lead forms «islands» below the graphene and the electrons of this two - dimensional material behave as if in the presence of a colossal 80 - tesla magnetic field, which facilitates the selective control of the flow of spinIn this configuration the lead forms «islands» below the graphene and the electrons of this two - dimensional material behave as if in the presence of a colossal 80 - tesla magnetic field, which facilitates the selective control of the flow of spinin the presence of a colossal 80 - tesla magnetic field, which facilitates the selective control of the flow of spins.

In transistors, any interruption in the flow of electrons results in data losIn transistors, any interruption in the flow of electrons results in data losin the flow of electrons results in data losin data loss.

Unlike superconducting metal alloys, which must remain within a few degrees of absolute zero in order to display their resistance - free electron flow, high - Tc superconductors can operate at temperatures around 77 kelvins.

«In this tunnel junction, holes from the silicon solar cell recombine with electrons flowing from the perovskite solar cell using quantum mechanical tunneling,» said Jonathan Mailoa, a graduate student at MIT and co-author of the report, in an emaiIn this tunnel junction, holes from the silicon solar cell recombine with electrons flowing from the perovskite solar cell using quantum mechanical tunneling,» said Jonathan Mailoa, a graduate student at MIT and co-author of the report, in an emaiin an email.

Now, a team led by physicist Yimei Zhu at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory has produced definitive evidence that the movement of electrons has a direct effect on atomic arrangements, driving deformations in a material's 3D crystalline lattice in ways that can drastically alter the flow of current.

This concerted flow of electrons constitutes an electric current which in turn creates a magnetic field across the gap, perhaps providing the spark which causes the opposing fields on either side to break and reconnect.

Less evident is the concept that electrons and atoms can move cooperatively to stop the flow of charge — or, in the other extreme, make electrons flow freely without resistance.

They also found that lanthanum and arsenic atoms separated platinum layers from each other in a way, they speculate, which weakens the interaction between platinum electrons, allowing them to flow more freely and resulting in the superconducting property.

But subsequent scans taken as more charge carriers were added revealed that the static pattern disappeared and electrons began to flow freely in all directions at exactly the same level of doping — close to the point at which the most robust superconductivity sets in.

In so - called Mott insulators for example, a class of materials now being intensively researched, the electrons ought to flow freely and the materials should therefore be able to conduct electricity as well as metals.

Very similarly, the electrons in a strongly correlated material become free to flow when an external laser pulse forces a phase transition in their structural order.

«This is the first time an experiment has directly linked the disappearance of the density waves and their associated nanoscale crystal distortions with the emergence of universally free - flowing electrons needed for unrestricted superconductivity,» said lead author J.C. Séamus Davis, a senior physicist and Director of DOE's Center for Emergent Superconductivity at Brookhaven Lab and also a professor at both Cornell University and the St. Andrews University in Scotland.

Of course, freeing electrons in a copper - oxide insulator to get superconducting current flowing for useful applications won't be quite as easy as melting ice to get liquid water or removing pieces from a chessboard.

In addition, ARPES can not be used to visualize electron behavior in insulators — materials within which electric current does not flow freelIn addition, ARPES can not be used to visualize electron behavior in insulators — materials within which electric current does not flow freelin insulators — materials within which electric current does not flow freely.

But whereas those materials were made up of covalent bonds — in which pairs of atoms share electrons — these 2 - D metals are composed of metallic bonds, where electrons flow more freely among atoms.

The magnetism is associated with the localization of electrons, whereas superconductivity is a state in which electrons are paired and can flow without resistance.

In Friedman's spintronic circuit design, electrons moving through carbon nanotubes — essentially tiny wires composed of carbon — create a magnetic field that affects the flow of current in a nearby graphene nanoribbon, providing cascaded logic gates that are not physically connecteIn Friedman's spintronic circuit design, electrons moving through carbon nanotubes — essentially tiny wires composed of carbon — create a magnetic field that affects the flow of current in a nearby graphene nanoribbon, providing cascaded logic gates that are not physically connectein a nearby graphene nanoribbon, providing cascaded logic gates that are not physically connected.

An electron can flow through the platinum, but not in the YIG since it is an insulator.

This motion would be detected by measuring image charges, which are induced by the moving electrons, flowing through another electrode using a commercially available current amplifier and lock - in detector.