Sentences with phrase «electron gas by»

It also provides an electrically attractive environment that causes carriers that are scattered out of the two - dimensional electron gas by radiation - induced defects to be reinjected.

The field gives rise to two - dimensional electron gas by which carriers travel across the transistor from source to drain.

Not exact matches

Suprathermal electrons generated by the two - plasmon - decay instability in gas - filled Hohlraums

On Earth, the brightest auroras (the high - altitude glows often called the northern and southern lights) are generated when electrons in outer space near Earth are accelerated by large electrical potentials, or voltages, along the lines in our planet's magnetic field and slam into gas molecules in the upper atmosphere above polar regions.

There are basically two types of lines, those produced by collisions between the atoms or ions and the electrons in the surrounding gas, which are called collision lines, and which are very bright for elements such as oxygen, nitrogen and neon, and lines which are produced when ions capture free electrons, which are called recombination lines, and which are bright only for those gases with the highest abundances in the interstellar medium: hydrogen and helium.

This region is made up of hydrogen plasma, a gas of atoms whose electrons have been stripped away by the ferocious temperature, leaving just protons behind.

Ion engines work by stripping electrons from the atoms of an inert gas such as xenon, making them positively charged.

The X-ray data show hot gas and the radio data show emission from electrons that have been accelerated to high energies by the nova shock wave.

Laricchia speculates that the electron might play a dominant role in each positronium scattering by getting closer to a gas particle, on average, than the positron does.

Clouds of electrons created by ionised gas in the beam chamber and microscopic dust particles — playfully known as unidentified falling objects, or UFOs — are interrupting the beams and making it harder to get the LHC running consistently.

By adding diborane gas (a mixture of hydrogen and boron) the researchers introduced «holes» into the crystal structure that allowed electrons to flow uninhibited.

Sketch of the nebula formed by a wind of electrons and positrons coming from the pulsar, and the interaction with interstellar gas.

According to the most prevalent theory, the black hole and the gas disk are surrounded by a strong magnetic field in which particles such as electrons are accelerated to almost the speed of light.

Such a material is created by stripping a gas's atoms of their electrons, a process called ionization.

By shooting lasers through tiny gas tubes, physicists could accelerate electrons and positrons continuously.

Gases (such as air, which has an equal number of positive and negative charges) become plasma when energy (such as heat or electricity) causes some of the gas's atoms to lose their negatively charged electrons, creating atoms with a positive charge, or positive ions, surrounded by the newly detached electrons.

The study focuses on two perfectly reflecting model plates, separated by any non-zero density plasma, i.e. a charged gas which may contain electrons only or electrons and positrons.

These accelerators work by shooting pulses of intense laser light into plasma to create a wave rippling through the cloud of ionised gas, leaving a wake of electrons akin to those that form behind a speedboat in water.

Clouds of glowing, blue gas, called helium - 2 nebulas, have been set aglow by something hot enough to strip two electrons from each helium atom.

The lab used the light to probe the shift in an ultra-high quality, two - dimensional electron gas supplied by Purdue University physicist Michael Manfra and set in a gallium arsenide quantum well (to contain the particles) under the influence of a strong magnetic field and low temperature.

Many of the frontiers of fusion science exist at the extremes of the plasma state, a state of matter where gases are hot enough that electrons disassociate from atomic nuclei (ions), forming an ensemble of ions and electrons that can conduct electrical currents and be confined by electric and magnetic fields.

One is a symmetrical cloud of escaping gas produced by collisions of the streaming ions and electrons in Jupiter's so - called plasma torus.

Although Solar radiation and lightning (which has been detected by the ESA's Venus Express probe in 2007) should be producing large amounts of carbon monoxide (CO), the gas was found to be scarce, as if something was removing it (such as hydrogenogens, diverse bacteria and archaea that grow anaerobically utilizing CO as their sole carbon source and water as an electron acceptor to produce carbon dioxide and molecular hydrogen as waste products).

Compare with electronic transition absorption of visible light by the electrons of the molecules of nitrogen and oxygen in the atmosphere, the real gas Air, which is what gives us our blue sky, reflection / scattering.

The example I've given is of visible light in the atmosphere being bounced around the sky, actually reflected / scattered, by the electrons of the molecules of nitrogen and oxygen which comprise c98 % of our fluid gas atmosphere.

In the atmosphere the absorption of visible light's energy by the electrons of the gas air does not create heat, the energy is used in motion through space (think petrol in the car used for motion through space), as the electron is moved in its orbit and when returning to ground state when it spits out the same energy as entered; the right kind of energy and an electron can be moved out of its orbit completely.

But as they're replaced with, for instance, nimbler gas plants, that will ease the daytime traffic jam of electrons caused by solar.

This new dissociative δ - mode is characterized by a high dissociation degree of gas molecules (actually up to 100 % in NF3 and up to 70 % in SiH4), higher resistivity and a large discharge current.At rather high rf voltage when a sufficiently large number of high energy electrons appear in the discharge, an intense dissociation of gas molecules via electron impact begins, and the discharge experiences a transition to the dissociative δ - mode.