Sentences with phrase «electron gas in»

So is the closely related phenomenon of superconductivity, the frictionless flow of an electron gas in a conducting material (an electric current) at sufficiently low temperatures.

Not exact matches

Suprathermal electrons generated by the two - plasmon - decay instability in gas - filled Hohlraums

The fractions containing retinol in the HPLC eluent were collected individually and derivatized for gas chromatography / electron capture negative chemical ionization — mass spectrometry (GC / ECNCI - MS)(21) to measure retinol enrichment from the reference vitamin A dose (Mretinol + 10 = m / z 278) or Golden Rice β - carotene (Mretinol + 5 = m / z 273) dose.

On Earth, the brightest auroras (the high - altitude glows often called the northern and southern lights) are generated when electrons in outer space near Earth are accelerated by large electrical potentials, or voltages, along the lines in our planet's magnetic field and slam into gas molecules in the upper atmosphere above polar regions.

There are basically two types of lines, those produced by collisions between the atoms or ions and the electrons in the surrounding gas, which are called collision lines, and which are very bright for elements such as oxygen, nitrogen and neon, and lines which are produced when ions capture free electrons, which are called recombination lines, and which are bright only for those gases with the highest abundances in the interstellar medium: hydrogen and helium.

Invented in 1960, lasers use an external «pump,» such as a flash lamp, to excite electrons within the atoms of a lasing material — usually a gas, crystal, or semiconductor.

There the radio signals will excite electrons and turn them into waves of relatively hot ionized gas, or plasma, in a narrow slice of sky.

But the newly discovered objects may have kicked off the subsequent phase of reionization, in which ultraviolet starlight stripped electrons from hydrogen gas.

In the case of UED, an electron beam shines through a gas of iodine molecules, with the distance between the two iodine nuclei in each molecule defining the double slit, and hits a detector instead of a screeIn the case of UED, an electron beam shines through a gas of iodine molecules, with the distance between the two iodine nuclei in each molecule defining the double slit, and hits a detector instead of a screein each molecule defining the double slit, and hits a detector instead of a screen.

These outbound electrons don't reach peak speeds until they are a few thousand kilometers high, where the atmosphere is so thin that the particles rarely collide with gases and therefore don't glow, says FAST project scientist Robert Pfaff Jr. of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.

The stars are embedded in a cloud of hot X-ray — emitting gas and electrons (blue).

Sheets of electrons that are highly mobile in only two dimensions, known as 2D electron gas, have unique properties that can be leveraged for faster and novel electronic devices.

The temperature of the gas surrounding the newfound quasar places it squarely in the epoch of reionization (SN: 4/1/17, p. 13), when the first stars stripped electrons from atoms of gas that filled interstellar space.

Researchers have been exploring 2D electron gas, which was only discovered in 2004, to see how it can be used in superconductors, actuators, and electronic memory devices, among others.

The conducting electrons at the interface form a two - dimensional electron gas (2DEG) which boasts exotic quantum properties that make the system potentially useful in electronics and photonics applications.

Laricchia speculates that the electron might play a dominant role in each positronium scattering by getting closer to a gas particle, on average, than the positron does.

Clouds of electrons created by ionised gas in the beam chamber and microscopic dust particles — playfully known as unidentified falling objects, or UFOs — are interrupting the beams and making it harder to get the LHC running consistently.

Hydrogen atoms are formed in such devices only when electrons flow into a fluid where they can combine with hydrogen ions; those atoms in turn combine with each other to create hydrogen gas.

Sensors made with atomically thin layers of MoS2 revealed better selectivity to certain gases owing to the electron energy band gap in this material, which resulted in strong suppression of electrical current upon exposure to some of the gases.

The gas in the accretion disk is hot enough for some of its atoms to lose electrons and become ionized — that is, to take on a positive electric charge.

The high voltage is delivered only in very short bursts, using just enough energy to accelerate the tiny electrons without heating up the heavy gas particles pulses; thus, plasma is generated.

An electron in the current might collide with a molecule of gas and break its chemical bond, giving rise to something new.

Since only charged particles like electrons trigger a signal in the gas detector, the researcher was able to determine and subtract the proportion of gamma radiation.

Writing today (Feb. 5, 2018) in the journal Nature Materials, Eom and his collaborators provided evidence of a hole gas coexisting with the electron gas.

Another way is also possible: At a temperature of millions of degrees, the gas in the corona is highly ionized, that is, electrons are stripped off neutral atoms and move freely.

The electron spin resonance was shown to differ in the presence of helium and oxygen gases, meaning the technique could be used in a new type of sensor to detect and measure gases.

According to the most prevalent theory, the black hole and the gas disk are surrounded by a strong magnetic field in which particles such as electrons are accelerated to almost the speed of light.

The solution Boyd hit upon was to use a system first developed in the 1960s to generate a hydrogen plasma — that is, hydrogen gas that has been electrified to separate the electrons from the protons — to remove the copper oxide at much lower temperatures.

The gas glows because young, extremely hot stars like these are emitting intense ultraviolet light which strips the surrounding gas of its electrons and causes it to emit the faint glow seen in this image.

«We've shown how to continuously flip the electron spin in a nanodiamond levitated in a vacuum and in the presence of different gases,» said Tongcang Li, an assistant professor of physics and astronomy and electrical and computer engineering at Purdue University.

As the gas decays and gives off electrons, the detector uses a magnet to trap them in a magnetic bottle.

Formaggio and former postdoc Benjamin Monreal, now an assistant professor of physics at UCSB, reasoned that if they could tune into this baseline frequency, they could catch electrons as they shot out of a decaying radioactive gas, and measure their energy in a magnetic field.

MIT physicists have developed a new tabletop particle detector that is able to identify single electrons in a radioactive gas.

The most spectacular of these are the systems of bosons (liquid 4He, the Bose alkali gases), which undergo the phenomenon of Bose condensation, and the fermion systems (liquid 3He, the electrons in some metals), which display the related phenomenon of Cooper pairing.

Gravity accelerates the nuclei and electrons in the gas atoms, causing them to radiate different kinds of light.

«There is a certain type of doping element that minimizes hydrogen's ability to penetrate, whereas other doping elements can introduce a maximum amount of electrons in the oxide, and facilitate the ejection of hydrogen gas right at the surface of the oxide,» says Mostafa.

«In semiconductors, where FQHE was first observed, the gas of electrons that create this effect are buried deep inside the material.

The haunting glow of the aurora arises when energized electrons and ions excite gases in the atmosphere.

These accelerators work by shooting pulses of intense laser light into plasma to create a wave rippling through the cloud of ionised gas, leaving a wake of electrons akin to those that form behind a speedboat in water.

He theorizes that some positively charged high - energy particles, including protons and helium ions, in the outer radiation belts acquire negatively charged electrons from the cold gases around Saturn.

This implies that classical thermodynamic principles can be extended to the expansion of a collisionless electron gas, being far away from the equilibrium, in a magnetic nozzle.

Produced in electrical discharges, these gases of free electrons and ions have already been shown to destroy pathogens, help heal wounds, and selectively kill cancer cells.

«The forerunner to the phenomenon is a violent eruption on the Sun's surface — also known as coronal mass ejections or CME, where bubbles of hot plasma and gas in the form of particles, electrons, and a magnetic field are hurled in the direction of the Earth,» says Per Høeg.

I thought physicists had given up hope when I read «Why nothing matters» in the online version of the editorial to your special issue covering zero, the empty set, electron hole theory, the vacuum and noble gases (newscientist.com/article/mg21228391.300).

The group has developed liquid - helium cooled scanning probe microscopes (SPMs) that can image electron motion through a two dimensional electron gas, in GaAs / AlGaAs and graphene / hBN layered structures.

What's Next: The researchers are now working to determine how electron affinity changes when solvent molecules are attached to the organofluorine compounds in the gas phase.

The lab used the light to probe the shift in an ultra-high quality, two - dimensional electron gas supplied by Purdue University physicist Michael Manfra and set in a gallium arsenide quantum well (to contain the particles) under the influence of a strong magnetic field and low temperature.

As protons, electrons and other charged particles from interstellar gas bounce around in the magnetic fields, they're accelerated to blinding speeds to create cosmic rays.

We can build a two - dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in which the mean free path exceeds 0.35 mm at low temperatures!

The matter in such a dwarf becomes a degenerate gas, wherein the electrons are all stripped from their parent atoms.