In doing so, Daya Bay researchers searched for a faster, smaller oscillation imposed on top of the longer, slower one that accounts for the disappearance of
electron neutrinos from the sun, which is dominated by a different mixing angle.
Another indication comes from a pair of experiments started in the 1990s in Russia and Germany that was designed to sense
electron neutrinos from the sun.
Not exact matches
The three types of
neutrino —
electron, tau and muon — interact with the matter in slightly different ways, with the more massive muon and tau varieties able to escape
from deeper within the neutron star.
Other priorities include: upgrading the LHC, which shut down in February for two years to boost its energies
from 7 TeV to 14 TeV; plans to build an International Linear Collider in Japan, to collide beams of
electrons and positrons as a complement to the LHC's proton findings; and a major US project to exploit high - intensity
neutrino beams generated at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois.
It is possible, the researchers say, that during this interaction
neutrinos may flip
from one type to another: an
electron - type
neutrino may change to a tau type, which could then quickly escape.
The laws of physics may permit a
neutrino with a mass to change
from one type into another, so
electron neutrinos may simply transform themselves into undetectable muon or tau
neutrinos before they fly across the 150 million kilometres of space between the Sun and the Earth.
On the way, the
neutrinos and anti-
neutrinos spontaneously change «flavor»
from muon
neutrinos or anti-
neutrinos, to
electron neutrinos or anti-
neutrinos.
In
neutrinos, which come in three types —
electron, muon and tau — CP violation can be measured by observing how
neutrinos oscillate, or change
from one type to another.
Another strike against the speedy
neutrinos comes
from the fact that
neutrinos are linked to certain other particles —
electrons, muons and tau particles — via the weak nuclear force.
The SNO researchers measured the flux of
electron -
neutrinos and compared it to earlier results
from Super-K, which used ordinary water.
Physicists with the SNO looked at
neutrinos from the sun, all of which start out as
electron neutrinos.
The latest evidence for sterile
neutrinos emerged in 2011, when a team of theorists argued that various experiments that detect
electron antineutrinos
from nearby nuclear reactors saw fewer antineutrinos than they should.
One of the most important questions in physics that can be addressed
from these data is the mass of the weakly interacting
neutrino, which was thought to have no mass, but current limits indicate that
neutrinos have masses below 1.5
electron volts.
Another strange thing about
neutrinos is that they come in at least three types or «flavours» — tau,
electron and muon — and can morph
from one flavour to another.
Now, results
from a Japanese experiment called T2K have tentatively added a new kind of transformation to the list of allowed types — the metamorphosis of muon
neutrinos into
electron neutrinos.
Scientists will extract information about
neutrino oscillations — transmutations of
electron neutrino, muon
neutrino and tau
neutrino «flavors»
from one to another.