Sentences with phrase «electron pairs from»

But until now, physicists have struggled to extract the entangled electron pairs from the superconductor then split them apart, Schönenberger explains.

Not exact matches

That extraordinary hardness arises from a strong and inflexible structure: Five atoms form a tetrahedron and share electron pairs with each other.

They found they could capture the essential features of these complicated materials, containing vast numbers of interacting electrons, with just a single rule: Electrons can move randomly from one atom to another within a given sample, but they can only move electrons, with just a single rule: Electrons can move randomly from one atom to another within a given sample, but they can only move Electrons can move randomly from one atom to another within a given sample, but they can only move in pairs.

Electrons hop from copper ion to copper ion and somehow pair, although physicists do not agree about how that happens.

Elementary chemistry distinguishes two kinds of strong bonds between atoms in molecules: the covalent bond, where bonding arises from valence electron pairs shared between neighboring atoms, and the ionic bond, where transfer of electrons from one atom to another leads to Coulombic attraction between the resulting ions.

But in rare cases molecules with an even number of electrons can behave like radicals, because the arrangement of their atoms prevents all the electrons from finding partners with which to pair up.

In the first step, incoming photons — packets of light — are converted to pairs of negatively - charged electrons and corresponding positively - charged «holes» that then separate from each other.

Physics and chemistry professor Ahmed Zewail and his colleagues at the California Institute of Technology married two previously independent lines of research: femtochemistry, in which pairs of brief laser pulses initiate and monitor a chemical reaction, and electron diffraction, in which a molecule's structure is determined from the scatter of electrons fired at a crystal containing billions of copies of that molecule.

At the annual meeting of the American Physical Society and in the 12 March issue of Physical Review Letters, Kociak and his colleagues at the French national research agency CNRS and the Russian Academy of Sciences in Chernogolovka showed that empty nanotubes can also carry electron pairs between nonsuperconducting electrodes (in this case, metal pads made from a sandwich of aluminum oxide, platinum, and gold).

Now, a pair of scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory and Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich have proposed the first solution to such subatomic stoppage: a novel way to create a more robust electron wave by binding together the electron's direction of movement and its spin.

A few years ago, researchers from the University of Cambridge showed that it was possible to create electron pairs in which the spins are aligned: up - up or down - down.

«Researchers amplify the pulse and measure its height and from that figure out how much energy created the electron - hole pairs,» ORNL's David Radford said.

but the states are correlated so that if Alice measures her particle from the pair and finds it spinning, say, up, she'll know instantly that Bob's electron is spinning down.

The devices are named after Brian Josephson, who predicted in 1962 that pairs of superconducting electrons could «tunnel» right through the nonsuperconducting barrier from one superconductor to another.

To address the terahertz gap, the team created a hybrid semiconductor: a layer of thick conducting material paired with two thin, two - dimensional crystalline layers made from graphene, silicene (a graphene - like material made from silicon instead of carbon), or a two - dimensional electron gas.

But in the new technique, the energy of the electron pairs decreases as the excitation hops from molecule to molecule, so Forrest and colleagues end up with lower energy red light.

Another indication comes from a pair of experiments started in the 1990s in Russia and Germany that was designed to sense electron neutrinos from the sun.

The attached figure illustrates how energetic gamma rays (dashed lines) from a distant blazar strike photons of extragalactic background light (wavy lines) and produce pairs of electrons and positrons.

In solar cells, for example, electrons must be efficiently liberated from their pairing with holes to harvest their energy and improve solar panel performance.

Due to a quirk of the strong force, an accelerator can produce new particle pairs from the proton by imparting extra energy to the particles, with a beam of electrons.

With this information, «We can measure the binding energy and momentum of electrons in the «Cooper pairs» responsible for superconductivity and identify which energy momentum characteristics they have - which orbital they're from,» Davis said.

By extending the coherence time of electron states to over half a second, a team of scientists from Berkeley Lab, UC Berkeley, and Harvard University has vastly improved the performance of one of the most potent possible sensors of magnetic fields on the nanoscale — a diamond defect no bigger than a pair of atoms, called a nitrogen vacancy (NV) center.

Making an extra effort to image a faint, gigantic corkscrew traced by fast protons and electrons shot out from a mysterious microquasar paid off for a pair of astrophysicists who gained new insights into the beast's inner workings and also resolved a longstanding dispute over the object's distance.

Free radicals are molecules that contain an unpaired electron and often steal a pair from otherwise balanced molecules in tissues throughout the body.

They are known to cause damage and imbalance to the cells of the body by stealing a pair for their unpaired electron from otherwise balanced and healthy atoms.

These atoms have a tendency to steal a pair for their unpaired electron from otherwise healthy atoms throughout the body.

These atoms will find a pair for their unpaired electron by taking one from other atoms throughout the body.