Sentences with phrase «electron spins»

In close collaboration with our UNSW colleagues, we apply this method to the fabrication of quantum computer devices containing few or single atoms in which single electron spins can be controlled and read - out.

Current research includes spin relaxation and decoherence in quantum dots due to spin - orbit and hyperfine interaction; non-Markovian spin dynamics in bosonic and nuclear spin environments; generation and characterization of non-local entanglement with quantum dots, superconductors, Luttinger liquids or Coulomb scattering in interacting 2DEGs; spin currents in magnetic insulators and in semiconductors; spin Hall effect in disordered systems; spin orbit effects in transport and noise; asymmetric quantum shot noise in quantum dots; entanglement transfer from electron spins to photons; QIP with spin qubits in quantum dots and molecular magnets; macroscopic quantum phenomena (spin tunneling and coherence) in molecular and nanoscale magnetism.

This image shows how «spintronics» researchers such as David Awschalom probe and manipulate single electron spins in semiconductors.

The latter often rely on the transfer of the thermally polarized electron spins to nearby nuclear spins, which is limited by the Boltzmann distribution.

In a ferromagnetic material, such as iron or nickel, the randomness of the electron spins at high temperatures makes the material symmetric in all directions.

The wave of electron spins flipping in sequence might look something like fans at a football game standing and sitting back down to make a wave go around the stadium.

Since 2012, when the first qubits that relied on electron spins were reported, the introduction of isotopically purified 28Si has led to significant enhancement of the spin coherence time.

The cooling slowed the natural motion of the atoms to a near stop, which allowed the researchers to observe the electron spins» dance around the Ytterbium (Yb) atoms in the YbMgGaO4 crystal.

Electron spins in silicon quantum dots are attractive systems for quantum computing owing to their long coherence times and the promise of rapid scaling of the number of dots in a system using semiconductor fabrication techniques.

Coherent manipulation of coupled electron spins in semiconductor quantum dots.

That's because in the excited state, two electrons waltz through the molecule, spinning like tops, and only when the electron spins point in opposite directions does the dance end with the release of a photon.

In some materials, electron spins spontaneously align their direction, leading to the phenomenon of ferromagnetism which is well known e.g. in iron.

But they also found that even very small magnetic fields were enough to prevent thermal fluctuations from flipping electron spins.

The electron spins are then parallel or antiparallel, and their direction is perpendicular to the plate and the direction of movement.

First, thermal fluctuations at room temperature flipped electron spins.

By varying the electric field, the scientists can distribute the electron spins on the different lanes, thus varying the efficiency of their spin - charge converter.

Controlling the electron spins without destroying the coherent quantum states has proven difficult with other techniques, but a series of experiments by the group has shown the quantum states remain solid.

But electron spins tend to have quite brief usable lifetimes; even in optimal conditions — in pure samples held just a hair above absolute zero — the information encoded on an electron spin is lost on timescales of seconds, if that.

University of Groningen scientists led by physics professor Bart van Wees have created a graphene - based device, in which electron spins can be injected and detected with unprecedented efficiency.

Consequently, the analysis revealed that the metal atoms at the center of the organic molecules retained electron spins, which could generate magnetism.

The result is that the electron spins and nuclear spins match — the spin information has effectively been encoded in a longer - lived nuclear memory.

The hope was that they could find a way to keep electron spins aligned a little longer and thus have enough time to actually perform calculations on them.

UCSB's David Awschalom and his longtime collaborator at Penn State, Nitin Samarth, devised a new technique for manipulating electron spins within ultrafast timescales.

But because electron spins offer one of the most promising models for quantum bitsphysical states that can store far more information than conventional computer bitsscientists have sought ways around the coherence problem.

This enables the heating or cooling of the platinum - YIG interface, depending on the relative orientation of the electron spins in the platinum and the magnetisation in the YIG.

This current of heat creates a separation of electron spins that then diffuse through the Cu heat sink and affect the magnetization of a second ferromagnetic layer, CoFeB, causing the magnetization to tilt and then precess.

At present, attempts are being made to build quantum computers using, among others, trapped ions, electron spins in diamond, quantum dots, superconducting electric circuits, and atomic clouds.

«In our study, we make use of the fact that a heat current passing through a magnetic material creates a separation of electron spins.

The research team, which included Natalya Pugach from the Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, studied the interactions between superconductivity and magnetization in order to understand how to control electron spins (electron magnetic moments) and to create the new generation of electronics.

They propose that the electron spins disturbed in the layer where the current was introduced engage in a sort of «cross talk» with spins in the other layer, exerting a force that drags the spins along for the ride.

At room temperature the motions of electron spins can be largely affected by heat.

In ordinary magnets, both individual electron spins and the motion of electrons in their atomic orbitals generate magnetic fields.

That in turn could make the materials attractive building blocks for spintronic devices, which compute by manipulating electron spins.

For half a century, the Mermin - Wagner theorem has addressed this question by stating that if 2 - D materials lack magnetic anisotropy, a directional alignment of electron spins in the material, there may be no magnetic order.

By measuring the electron spins in a certain order, computations could be performed.

«By twisting and controlling the molecular bonds with light,» Awschalom says, «it is possible to operate on the electron spins as they move through the chemical structure.»

In a magnet, the electron spins are all aligned; in a semiconductor, they're arranged in opposite pairs.

The effect and its brethren — with names like the spin Hall effect, the spin Seebeck effect and the spin Peltier effect — allow scientists to create flows of electron spins, or spin currents.

Each pattern had a different energy associated with it — and the ratio of these energy levels showed that the electron spins were ordering themselves according to mathematical relationships in E8 symmetry (Science, DOI: 10.1126 / science.1180085).

When the field was applied, patterns appeared in the electron spins.

Resonantly driven CNOT gate for electron spins.

Some of the methods used to determine the age of the planet include: Stratigraphy, Dendrochronology, Obsidian Hydration Dating, Paleomagnetic / Archaeomagnetic, Luminescence Dating, Amino Acid Racemization, Fission - track Dating, Ice Cores, Cation Ratio, Fluorine Dating, Patination, oxidizable Carbon Ratio, Electron Spin Resonance, and Cosmic - ray Exposure Dating.

Some other dating methods that have confirmed the age of the earth as being far greater than 10,000 yeras include: Stratigraphy, Dendrochronology, Obsidian Hydration Dating, Paleomagnetic / Archaeomagnetic, Luminescence Dating, Amino Acid Racemization, Fission - track Dating, Ice Cores, Cation Ratio, Fluorine Dating, Patination, oxidizable Carbon Ratio, Electron Spin Resonance, and Cosmic - ray Exposure Dating.

In a neck - and - neck race with their competitors, they showed that quantum information of an electron spin can be transported to a photon, in a silicon quantum chip.

Vandersypen: «The goal now is to transfer the information via a photon from on electron spin to another.»

But physicists are now fashioning a new parallel system called spintronics — of which skyrmions are a part — based on the motion of electron spin, that property that makes atoms magnetic (SN Online: 9/26/17).

Practical applications of spintronic devices in information processing require accurate knowledge of the strength of the electron spin interaction with phonons.

«Flipping the electron spin: New test procedure for developing quick - charging lithium - ion batteries.»

El - Sayed is known throughout physical chemistry for «El - Sayed's Rule,» which handles complexities of electron spin orbits, and which has found a lasting place in photochemistry textbooks.

The electron spin resonance was shown to differ in the presence of helium and oxygen gases, meaning the technique could be used in a new type of sensor to detect and measure gases.