Sentences with phrase «electron transport»
Electron transport refers to the movement of electrons within a biological or chemical system. It involves the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another, creating an electric current. This process is important in many cellular activities, such as energy production and chemical reactions. Full definition
There is some evidence that blue light will increase the distance of the proteins in the respiratory electron transport chain in the mitochondria.
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We report on electron transport in quantum dot devices carved entirely from graphene.
In particular, the analysis found deficiencies in almost all the protein complexes from which the cellular electron transport chain is constructed.
However, it lacks traditional magnetic properties necessary to achieve greater control over electron transport.
Reducing oxidative stress by effectively reducing electron leakage from the mitochondria electron transport chain.
The mutations that underlie the mitochondriopathies Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers (MERRF) and some variants of Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Strokelike Episodes (MELAS) create defective versions of particular mitochondrial amino acid tRNAs, leading to inefficient translation of electron transport system (ETS) subunit proteins.
At high doses, CNR1 signal transduction involves G - protein alpha - i protein activation and subsequent inhibition of mitochondrial soluble adenylate cyclase, decrease in cyclic AMP concentration, inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA)- dependent phosphorylation of specific subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport system, including NDUFS2 (PubMed: 27828947).
Meanwhile, fish oil intensified oxidation associated with ageing, lowered mitochondrial electron transport chain activity and altered the relative telomere length.
The quality of low temperature electron transport layers developed was important in achieving not only strong outputs for PV cells under standard test conditions (PCE = 14.8 %) but particularly under low intensity indoor illumination (MPD = 19.2 μW / cm2, PCE = 13.3 %).
These vitamins are essential for a long list of physiological processes and biochemical reactions in the body; they serve as cofactors for enzymes and as carriers for electron transport between different processes involved in human metabolism and growth.
It's a major player in electron transport chain, a fancy name for the process your body uses to create energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
The team from Bochum is already looking for ways to optimise the «cell factories»; more specifically: the researchers are striving to improve photosynthetic electron transport.
Mitochondria are the energy centres of the cell, relying on electron transport through a chain of enzymes that contain iron - sulphur clusters to produce the energy required for cell metabolism.
But when you have excessive iron, it catalyzes the formation of excessive hydroxyl free radicals from the peroxide, which decimate your mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial electron transport proteins and cellular membranes.
The neutron scattering measurements at the High Flux Isotope Reactor, a DOE Office of Science User Facility at ORNL, and magnetic field studies at Florida State University's National High Magnetic Field Laboratory uncovered key mechanistic behaviors underpinning the quantum material's relationship between electron transport and magnetism.
(Clips from «Shewanella oneidensis MR - 1 nanowires are outer membrane and periplasmic extensions of the extracellular electron transport components,» El - Naggar et al., PNAS 2014)
This research can lead to a better understanding of how these proteins work in other electron transport chain mechanisms, which could alter how we view this entire process.»
But in 2013, a research scientist in El - Naggar's laboratory, Sahand Pirbadian, discovered that these projections, referred to as «nanowires,» were actually extensions of the cell membrane covered in cytochromes — proteins containing iron that facilitate electron transport.
With the images produced by ECT, the team was the first to see how electron transport proteins were distributed in the membrane to form the nanowires.
Visual props can help: Amy Rice Doetsch, who's on the biology faculty at the College of Southern Idaho (CSI) in Twin Falls, uses superballs to represent protons and tennis balls to represent electrons when describing electron transport in cells.
The scientists explored different architectures of perovskite cells, preparing them under identical conditions using metal - oxide electron transport layers (ETL) such as TiO2 and SnO2.
During the formation of nanowires, scientists noted an increase in the expression of electron transport genes, but no corresponding increase in the expression of pilin genes.
Her current research focuses on understanding mass and electron transport behavior at the atomic - scale, as well as coupling materials physics with local lattice strain, bonding, and chemistry.
Mitochondria, the result of endosymbiosis in eukaryotic evolution are the energy - generating V8 engines of eukaryotic cells, where oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport metabolism takes place.
Electron transport properties of nanostructures are simulated using the Landauer approach and non-equlibrium Green's functions techniques (SIESTA / TransSIESTA).
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F (1) F (0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain.
Chance, along with Henry Lardy and later Ron Williams, worked out methods to separate mitochondria from cells and preserve their metabolic activity in vitro and invented the dual wavelength spectrophotometer to analyze mitochondrial electron transport coupled to ATP synthesis.
This «reverse electron transport» results in the production of uncontrolled amounts of free radicals from the mitochondria, which then create the «Universal Signature of Aging» which is mitochondrial dysfunction with high free radical production.»
Studies now show that restoring electron transport chain function by raising levels of NAD + is a rapid and efficient means of promoting the essential enzymes involved in energy extraction and sustaining youthful cell function.
Why must the tummy talk while I'm trying to describe the functions of NADH and FADH + on electron transport????
In addition, one Angstrom thick metal oxide coatings are thin enough to warrant fast electron transport through the oxide layer.
The role of humic acids in extracellular electron transport and chemical determination of pH in natural waters.
Namely «This results in mitochondria that can not make ATP but still have defective electron transport chains that «run in reverse».
Even when studying agriculture in South Africa, he had been attracted by the science of crop protection, and his Ph.D. research on electron transport in photosynthesis was highly relevant to the industry: «Herbicides are specifically developed to work against the photosynthetic apparatus,» he explains.
(a) Shewanella oneidensis MR - 1, an electrochemically - active bacterium exhibiting 8 - 19 nm nanowires responsible for electron transport (image courtsey of Prof. Ken Nealson).
Many of the genes from this time were involved in electron transport — a key step in respiration and photosynthesis, which ultimately led, say David and Alm, to oxygen - producing photosynthesis and the «great oxygenation event» 2.4 billion years ago, when the atmosphere became oxygen rich.
Salicylic acid binding of mitochondrial alpha - ketoglutarate dehydrogenase E2 affects mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain components and plays a role in basal defense against tobacco mosaic virus in tomato
These 10 sets encode proteins responsible for four related bioenergetic processes: nuclear - encoded mitochondrial electron transport (the key energy - extracting operation), mitochondrial biogenesis (by which new mitochondria are formed) as well as glucose utilization and glucose sensing (processes by which glucose levels are evaluated and modified).
«A deficit in complex I in the electron transport chain has been thought to be a cause of Parkinson's for a long time, but it was never clear how generalizable this was,» Scherzer says.
The team tested whether overexpression of PGC1 - alpha could protect cultures of rat brain cells from the pesticide rotenone, which inhibits complex I of the electron transport chain in neuronal mitochondria and produces many symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's.