Sentences with phrase «electrons flow through»

Graphene is an extremely good conductor of electricity, as electrons flow through graphene with virtually no friction.

Batteries are handy because their electrons flow through an electrode (that nub at the top of a dry - cell battery) and from there are easily channeled into MP3 players, flashlights, toys, smoke detectors, and so on.

The protons enter the surrounding solution of water and methanol, while the electrons flow through the palladium itself into oxygen molecules.

In new superconductors, electrons flow through layers of iron and arsenic interspersed among layers of other atoms.

That's a really small amount: Some 5.7 x 1018 electrons flow through a 100 - watt lightbulb every second.

Thanks to quantum - mechanical effects, below a certain critical temperature some materials become superconducting: electrons flow through them unhindered by the usual electrical resistance.

Our cells break down the sugars, and the electrons flow through them in a complex set of chemical reactions until they are passed on to electron - hungry oxygen.

Our cells break down the sugars, and the electrons flow through them in a complex set of chemical reactions until they are passed on to electron - hungry oxygen.

As bacteria stream through a microfluidic lattice, they synchronize and swim in patterns similar to those of electrons flowing through a magnetic material.

Natelson's research involves complicated electron flow through single - molecule transistors, as well as organic semiconductors — carbon - based materials that are intended to replace silicon transistors in some electronic devices.

As a read head moves above bits of magnetic data, changes in the magnetic orientation of those bits alter the electrical resistance of electrons flowing through the sensor, translating the magnetic data into a stream of electrical pulses.

Some researchers have hypothesized that the ripples might hinder electron flow through graphene, but that assertion has proved difficult to test.

This suggests that the electrons flowing through the tiny passage have their spin degree of freedom broken, just as electrons in a ferromagnet don't have the freedom to point in any direction but are lined up in a coordinated way.

Not exact matches

LOS ANGELES — Give a graphene layer cake a twist and it superconducts — electrons flow freely through it without resistance.

While electrons, with their negative charge, flow from one pole of the battery to the other (thus providing power for devices), positive ions flow the other way, through an electrolyte, or ion conductor, sandwiched between those poles, to complete the flow.

Two different kinds of material are joined, and electrons are supposed to be able to flow one way through the «fabric,» but not the other.

This alliance coordinates the electrons» movements and thereby eases their passage through the material, allowing them to flow without resistance.

«The electronic structure of a molecule determines the quantum probability for electrons to flow through the nano - device,» says Reddy.

To do this research, the team had to overcome a hurdle that never had been cleared before: figure out a way to «watch» individual electrons as they flow through the crystals.

The gold strips act as gates: A voltage applied to them stops or starts the flow of electrons through the main nanowire with an unprecedented combination of speed and precision.

Electrons zing through the stuff in an unusual way, and they flow so easily that graphene could someday replace silicon and other semiconductors as the material of choice for microchips.

Subsystem interacts with subsystem as electrons surge and flow through microchips that operate according to the dictates of semiconductor physics.

Steve: And there are people who are out there, instead of hacking into the actual electrons that are flowing, and reading what you are up to that way, they are in an office building a block away with the telescope looking through the office window of somebody else and just looking at the computer screen to read what they are up to.

Particularly interesting was the fact that these junctions were characterized by a «sequential» mode of charge flow; each electron transiting through a cluster junction stopped on the cluster for a while.

At the same time, electrons flow outside the battery through an electric load from the cathode to the anode.

Many people picture electrical conductivity as the flow of charged particles (mainly electrons) without really thinking about the atomic structure of the material through which those charges are moving.

As they are transported through quantum dots, for example, the current flow is specifically blocked so that the electrons appear individually.

In the current study, the researchers theorize that the laws of physics prohibit current from flowing in the crystal's bulk and top and bottom surfaces, but permit electron flow in completely different ways on the side surfaces through the hourglass - shaped channels.

In Friedman's spintronic circuit design, electrons moving through carbon nanotubes — essentially tiny wires composed of carbon — create a magnetic field that affects the flow of current in a nearby graphene nanoribbon, providing cascaded logic gates that are not physically connected.

An electron can flow through the platinum, but not in the YIG since it is an insulator.

This motion would be detected by measuring image charges, which are induced by the moving electrons, flowing through another electrode using a commercially available current amplifier and lock - in detector.

Above a certain critical temperature, the electrons can move relatively easily through the material enabling the flow of electrical current.

Then, McCamey says, the researchers use millimeter - wave radiation to tweak the spin of the electrons while monitoring the current flowing through.

This is the idea that microscopic phenomena, such as the motion of an electron through an electromagnetic field, would look the same regardless of whether time were flowing forward or backward.

The newest research indicates that these electrons also can flow through the interior of some of these materials.

Power plants could, they argue, pump the carbon dioxide through water or other liquids and produce a flow of electrons — and therefore more electricity.

Once the excited electrons absorb enough energy to jump free from the silicon atoms, they can flow independently through the material to produce electricity.

When the device was switched on, electrons flowed single - file through each double quantum dot, causing them to emit photons in the microwave region of the spectrum.

For example, while one layer of this new kind of superlattice can allow a fast flow of electrons through it, the other type of layer can act as an insulator.

But to reveal synapses — the minute signalling junctions through which electrical or chemical signals flow — nanometer - resolution electron microscopy is required.

The easier electrons can flow through the material without bumping into anything and be losing energy, the more conductive the material is.

A, Micro - compartment for linear PET (solid arrows): electrons flow from photosystem II (PSII), through plastoqui - none (PQ) and the cytochrome b6f (Cytb6f) complex to PSI, where they are donated to Fd and used by FNR to reduce NADP +.

Two kinds of material are joined, and electrons are supposed to be able to flow one way through the «fabric,» but not the other.

Superballistic flow of viscous electron fluid through graphene constrictions by R. Krishna Kumar, D. A. Bandurin, F. M. D. Pellegrino, Y. Cao, A. Principi, H. Guo, G. H. Auton, M. Ben Shalom, L. A. Ponomarenko, G. Falkovich, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, I. V. Grigorieva, L. S. Levitov, M. Polini, & A. K. Geim.

But the affair doesn't last — using the battery in an electronic device creates a conduit through which the slippery electrons can flow.

First, the control voltage mediates how electrons pass through a boundary that can flip from an ohmic (current flows in both directions) to a Schottky (current flows one way) contact and back.

The gases flow in currents through the sun, carrying electrons with them.

For example, one layer could allow a fast flow of electrons through it, while the other type of layer could act as an insulator.

When the electrons are destroyed the fats are no longer active and can not flow into the capillaries and through the fine capillary networks.

``...» In a positive - to - ground lightning strike, positive charges first rush from the cloud to the ground, creating a lightning channel through which electrons flow from the ground back up to the cloud.