Sentences with phrase «electrons orbiting at»

Atoms can be thought of as miniature solar systems, with a nucleus at the centre and electrons orbiting at certain specific distances from it.

Not exact matches

The history of science provides many examples of this combination of analogy and innovation in the creation of models which were useful in generating theories.4 The «Bohr model» of the atom, in which «planetary» electrons revolve in orbits around a central nucleus, resembles the solar system in certain of its dynamical properties; but the key assumption of quantum jumps between orbits had no classical parallel at all.

Now scientists at MIT and Cambridge University have identified an unexpected shared pattern in the collective movement of bacteria and electrons: As billions of bacteria stream through a microfluidic lattice, they synchronize and swim in patterns similar to those of electrons orbiting around atomic nuclei in a magnetic material.

The quantum hall materials are one prominent example in which electrons are trapped in non-conducting circular orbits except at the edges of the material.

Superheavy nuclei have so many protons that they are thought to accelerate orbiting electrons, making them travel at up to 80 per cent the speed of light.

Illuminating the quantum dot with laser light excites an electron, which can then jump from one orbit to another and thereby emit a single photon at a time.

This created a second wave packet from the same electron, in effect splitting it into two wave packets at opposite ends of the orbit.

The creation of electron - positron pairs would cause a loss of pressure, further accelerating the collapse; as a result, the two orbiting fragments would ultimately become so dense that a black hole could form at each clump.

If the electron orbits the nucleus at a great distance, there is plenty of space in between for other atoms.

Rydberg atoms are atoms, in which one single electron is lifted into a highly excited state and orbits the nucleus at a very large distance.

Extraneous electrons are bound to the helium surface because their presence causes slight changes in the orbits of helium electrons, inducing a subtle positive charge at the helium surface.

«At the lower energy orbits, the path of the electron is fuzzy and spread out,» Hagen explained.

Detecting the magnetic interaction of two electrons poses an enormous challenge: When the electrons are at a close range — as they normally are in an atomic orbit — forces other than the magnetic one prevail.

X-rays are produced in X-ray tubes by the deceleration of energetic electrons (bremsstrahlung) as they hit a metal target or by accelerating electrons moving at relativistic velocities in circular orbits (synchrotron radiation; see above Continuous spectra of electromagnetic radiation).

While about 1,000 times less dense at Pluto's orbit than at Earth's, solar winds carrying protons and electrons, as well as ionized helium and oxygen, gust outward at about 300 to 500 km / s (187 to 311 miles / s).

At specific IR frequencies greenhouse gases resonate with outgoing photons resulting in vibrations, rotations, translations and electron orbit excitations.

Here the energies are not related to electrons jumping to other orbits (that takes too much energy), but instead it is related to rotations and vibrations of the molecules (which can happen at the energies associated with IR photons).

Electrons orbiting a molecule can only do so at specific orbital heights.

Radiation from a molecule at -80 C therefore can not provide enough energy in the form of photons, to warm molecules (by boosting electrons into higher, more energetic orbits) at -4 C or above (seawater temperatures).