Not exact matches
Charge
separation on peptides creates permanent dipole moments that can be aligned with an electric field to provide optimal orientation of the molecules and the amount of peptide immobilised can also be tuned by the
electrostatic interactions when the peptides have an overall charge.
Such force would be of similar strength to the
electrostatic force at
separations around 1 nm, remain strong at distances up to the size of toxin molecules (several nanometers), and persist even beyond.