Sentences with phrase «elephant alarm calls»

At present, it is unclear to what extent formant - shifting in elephant alarm calls is the result of voluntary vocal tract manipulations, the simple by - product of affective states, or some other mechanism (see [61]-RRB-.

These results show that African elephant alarm calls differentiate between two types of threat and reflect the level of urgency of threats.

Further work will be required to determine the mechanisms that produce independent formant - shifting in elephant alarm calls.

Effects of the vocal tract filter are also evident in elephant alarm calls.

Not exact matches

If so, then elephants may also have warning calls to alert their fellows to humans and lions — much like Diana monkeys in West Africa can call out a leopard alarm or eagle alarm, depending on which predator they spot.

In general, increasingly threatening stimuli elicited alarm calls with increases in F0 and in formant locations, and increasing numbers of these acoustic cues in vocal stimuli elicited increased vigilance and flight behavior in listening elephants.

Audio playback experiments demonstrate that African elephants produce alarm calls in response to the voices of Samburu tribesmen.

Headshaking can occur in more general contexts, such as when an elephant is agitated [27], but in these alarm call contexts headshaking appears to be a specific response to bees, as the behavior was observed only in response to bee sounds and bee alarm calls, not in response to any other original stimulus or vocalization playback (Fig. 2; [23]-RRB-.

In response to threats from predators, elephants are known to produce a variety of vocalizations, including rumbles, roars and trumpets [21], but until recently the alarm call system of the African elephant has received little systematic attention.

In order to investigate further the alarm call system of the African elephant, we conducted a new series of experiments with the same methodology, but using a different threatening stimulus, the voices of Samburu tribesmen.

Elephants exhibited vigilance and flight behavior in response to Samburu and bee stimuli and to both alarm calls, but headshaking behavior only occurred in response to bee sounds and bee alarm calls.