This residual risk has shifted attention to
elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) levels, which constitute an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease.
However, very high intakes of sucrose or fructose (2 - 3 times usual intake), or high carbohydrate diets (70 - 80 % carbohydrate) can result in
elevated plasma triglycerides which can increase heart disease risk.
In relation to CVD,
elevated blood pressure has been shown to be positively associated with higher intakes of red and processed meat, even though the mechanism is unclear, except that possibly meat may substitute for other beneficial foods such as grains, fruits, or vegetables.32 Mean
plasma total cholesterol, low - density lipoprotein cholesterol, very - low - density lipoprotein cholesterol, and
triglyceride levels were found to be decreased in subjects who substituted red meat with fish.33, 34 Vegetarians have lower arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acid levels and higher linoleate and antioxidant levels in platelet phospholipids; such a biochemical profile may be related to decreased atherogenesis and thrombogenesis.34 - 36