Reduced amygdala responses to fearful facial expressions have been reported in adolescents with CD or conduct problems, and
elevated CU traits compared to typically - developing controls (Jones et al. 2009; Marsh et al. 2008), whereas increased amygdala responses to fearful faces have been demonstrated in children with conduct problems and low levels of CU traits compared with their high CU traits counterparts (Viding et al. 2012).
Indeed, we acknowledge that the present findings may be considered surprising given previous work showing that empathy deficits are more pronounced in those with CD and
elevated CU traits than those with lower levels of CU traits (Jones et al. 2010; Schwenck et al. 2012) and theories predicting that affective empathy deficits are uniquely related to CU traits (Blair 2005, 2013).
Although these new interventions specifically developed for children with CD and
elevated CU traits are promising, other more traditional treatments addressed for behavioural problems are available [25].
Children who are either more manipulative or shallow in their expression of emotions, purportedly those with
elevated CU traits, might provoke more dismissing behavior from parents in the context of emotional interactions.
Below we will delineate the particular emotion - related characteristics of children with
elevated CU traits, and then we will discuss theory and prior research on parental emotion socialization, and its significance for children manifesting these traits.
As reviewed above, children with
elevated CU traits appear to be less cognizant of, and responsive to, others» emotions, but willing to discuss emotions in the family.
The goal of the current research was to investigate emotion socialization beliefs and practices in the parents of children with
elevated CU traits.
Not exact matches
Moreover, for children
elevated on
CU traits, parental warmth is negatively associated with their conduct problems [19].
For example, how do parents of children
elevated on
CU traits interpret and respond to their child's experience and expression of affect?
Elevated levels of
CU traits in childhood account for unique variance in the prediction of later antisocial outcomes, over and above influences of competing disruptive behaviors; such as symptoms of conduct disorder (CD) and attention - deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)[1].
Second, our findings on temperament may be useful for early intervention and prevention efforts targeting children who fit the profile of
elevated risk, in terms of their temperament, for future development of
CU traits and ODD - related problems.
Moreover, the emotional processing deficits associated with
CU traits, may predispose parents of children
elevated on these traits to significant challenges throughout their task of emotion socialization.
CU traits are characterized by a lack of regard for others» feelings, deficient guilt associated with wrongdoing, restricted emotionality, and a lack of concern about performance, and are associated with a significantly poorer prognosis than for other children with early starting conduct problems.32 Children with conduct problems and
elevated levels of
CU traits do not respond as well to traditional PMT interventions as do other children with conduct problems.
As a summary, we conclude that a strong genetic liability, in interaction with parenting and relevant environmental factors, can lead to
elevated levels of
CU traits; they can be detected in early childhood, may remain stable along the adolescence, but a possible decrease following intensive and specialized treatment is possible.
However, the presence of callous — unemotional (
CU) traits can distinguish a group of children who are at
elevated risk of psychopathy in adulthood.
Although the
CU trait levels tend to decreases across childhood and adolescence in a large number of children, those showing an
elevated level of
CU traits are at higher risk for keeping them in older ages.
A strong genetic liability, in interaction with parenting and relevant environmental factors, can lead to
elevated levels of
CU traits in children.
Therefore increases in FA and reductions in RD / MD in key white - matter tracts including (but not limited to) those connecting prefrontal and limbic regions (uncinate fasciculus) appeared to be specifically linked to CD with
elevated callous - unemotional traits (CD /
CU +).
However, results show that high levels of
CU traits predict
elevated externalizing behavior problems, but only for toddlers exhibiting either high baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) or little to no RSA suppression in response to a fear stimulus.
The figure depicts increased fractional anisotropy in adolescents with Conduct Disorder with
elevated callous - unemotional traits (CD /
CU +) relative to those with Conduct Disorder with lower levels of callous unemotional traits (CD /
CU --RRB-.
The figure displays regions that showed reduced mean diffusivity in adolescents with Conduct Disorder with
elevated callous - unemotional traits (CD /
CU +) relative to those with Conduct Disorder with lower levels of callous unemotional traits (CD /
CU --RRB-.
The figure displays regions that showed reduced radial diffusivity in adolescents with Conduct Disorder with
elevated callous - unemotional traits (CD /
CU +) relative to those with Conduct Disorder with lower levels of callous unemotional traits (CD /
CU --RRB-.
Adolescents with conduct disorder (CD) and
elevated callous - unemotional (
CU) traits have been reported to present with a more severe and persistent pattern of antisocial behaviour than those with low levels of
CU traits.