Not exact matches
Two new papers have just been published documenting further advances with induced pluripotent stem
cells --- stem
cells that are «
embryonic -
like» but that are not derived from embryos.
For most in the scientific community, the debate was never truly about whether adult stem
cells or
embryonic stem
cells would be the most useful therapeutically or whether we could obtain
embryonic -
like stem
cells without destroying embryos.
Well it seems
like Ivan can relax, Michael Peroski has just solved all of our problems: Proceeding from ideology - driven inquiry entails starting from an answer: «Research on human
embryonic stem
cell should be forbidden because embryos are equivalent to human lives» and working....
The ultimate goal of our laboratory is to generate ES -
like cells directly from somatic
cells by nuclear reprogramming... which converts adult
cells back into
embryonic state.
Example in point: Opposition to
embryonic stem
cell / human cloning research: It isn't anti science to oppose treating nascent human life
like a corn crop or manufacturing embryos, anymore than it is anti science than the Animal Welfare Act the proscribes what can and can't be done in scientific research with some mammals.
(In many ways it is worse than when John Edwards said in 2004 that if people voted for John Kerry, people
like Christopher Reeve would get out of their wheelchairs and walk from
embryonic stem
cell therapies.)
Passing through a stem
cell stage resets the developmental clock to an
embryonic -
like state, wiping out the age - associated effects of the disorder.
To turn one
cell into another you usually need to first rewind them into
embryonic -
like stem
cells.
Now, a collaborative team of scientists at Washington University in St. Louis has developed a new process to generate NP -
like cells from hiPSCs, one that truly goes back to the beginning and mimics the process of
embryonic development.
Further ahead, he is looking to an emerging technology known as induced pluripotent stem
cells (iPSCs), in which adult
cells are reprogrammed to be
like embryonic stem
cells so they can transform into any type of
cell.
Embryonic -
like stem
cells have been isolated from breast milk in large numbers.
Stephen Minger, director of the Stem
Cell Biology Laboratory at King's College London, UK, says he is «intrigued» by the claims but would
like to see more proof of the
cells»
embryonic character.
«Perhaps there are some mammary gland stem
cells that can be coaxed to have a slightly broader potential than normal, but I very much doubt that
embryonic -
like cells normally exist in the breast,» says Robin Lovell - Badge of the National Institute for Medical Research in London.
Stem
cells from breast milk can grow into many other kinds of human tissue, raising hopes of an ethical source of
embryonic -
like stem
cells
In 2006, Japanese scientists figured out how to reprogram specialized
cells, such as those in skin, so that they act
like embryonic stem
cells.
Embryonic -
like stem
cells have previously been discovered in amniotic fluid and in the umbilical cord, but this is the first time they have been discovered in an adult.
The act of reprogramming
cells to make them as capable as ones from embryos apparently can result in aberrant
cells that age and die abnormally, suggesting there is a long way to go to prove such
cells are really
like embryonic stem
cells and can find use in therapies.
The newly discovered human
cells, named «cord - blood - derived
embryonic -
like stem
cells» or CBEs, are not quite as primitive as
embryonic stem
cells, which can give rise to any tissue type of the body.
In the latest study, the researchers hypothesize that the downregulation of these three genes reprograms the
cells so that they return to an
embryonic -
like state, in which they have the potential to give rise to a number of different
cell types.
If you put
embryonic stem
cells on a substrate
like Jell - O — mechanically similar to brain tissue — they turn into neurons.
«Then, when you begin refeeding the mice, you see these
embryonic -
like cells begin to give rise to beta
cells.»
Induced pluripotent stem
cells (iPSCs)-- adult
cells reprogrammed back to an
embryonic stem
cell -
like state — may better model the genetic contributions to each patient's particular disease.
Now research describing a simple way of producing
embryonic -
like stem
cells is being investigated over «inconsistencies».
The stem
cells, derived from human umbilical cord - blood and coaxed into an
embryonic -
like state, were grown without the conventional use of viruses, which can mutate genes and initiate cancers, according to the scientists.
But to convert adult
cells into
embryonic -
like cells means genetic reprogramming, for example with a virus, and the reprogrammed
cells do not yet match
embryonic stem
cells.
«Although we can now induce
embryonic stem
cells to become heart
cells, getting them to mature to an adult -
like state remains a significant challenge,» said Hannele Ruohola - Baker, University of Washington professor of biochemistry and senior author of the paper.
A molecular switch that seems to be essential for
embryonic heart
cells to grow into more mature, adult -
like heart
cells has been discovered.
Like a Texan who keeps his drawl after moving to California, adult
cells reprogrammed to resemble
embryonic cells retain some signatures of the tissue from which they came.
One answer is that this is God's will, and that's fine, but then that gets you into this really complicated business of, is it not then God's will to have a person
like me wanting to work on human
embryonic stem
cells?»
In this way they act
like embryonic stem
cells and share their revolutionary therapeutic potential — and as such, they could eliminate the need for using and then destroying human embryos.
Organlike tissue bits can be generated from pluripotent stem
cells that are either plucked from embryos or created by taking a person's adult skin or blood
cells and chemically inducing them to revert to an
embryonic -
like state.
Given these facts, I do not understand why we should prefer an ethically and scientifically doubtful method
like embryonic stem
cell research.
«Even if we can make other
cells to look
like embryonic stem
cells, ES
cells allow you to investigate unique aspects of human
embryonic development.»
Because biologists
like Daley are convinced that
embryonic stem
cells — the most generic, versatile type — may not only lead to dramatically different new treatments but can also uniquely illuminate the origins of disease in a way adult stem
cells never will.
«Use of induced pluripotent stem
cell (iPSC) technology» — which involves taking skin
cells from patients and reprogramming them into
embryonic -
like stem
cells capable of turning into other specific
cell types relevant for studying a particular disease — «makes it possible to model dementias that affect people later in life,» says senior study author Catherine Verfaillie of KU Leuven.
In June Italian scientists announced the first human
embryonic stem
cells derived from parthenotes — embryo -
like structures formed when an egg starts to divide on its own, with no sperm involved.
The ongoing challenge is creating IPS
cells that function as much
like embryonic stem
cells as possible.
How did you feel when you realised you had made human
embryonic -
like cells from skin
cells?
Now it turns out that IPS
cells — just
like embryonic stem
cells — are fraught with problems of their own.
44 Stem
Cells Reverse Parkinson's in Rats Embryonic stem cells helped rats suffering from Parkinson's - like sympto
Cells Reverse Parkinson's in Rats
Embryonic stem
cells helped rats suffering from Parkinson's - like sympto
cells helped rats suffering from Parkinson's -
like symptoms...
And so they have long sought haploid
embryonic stem
cells, which can become any kind of tissue but contain just one set of genes,
like a sperm or egg.
Instead the team is working with induced pluripotent stem
cells,
cells that have been reprogrammed to behave
like embryonic stem
cells, but can be made from a small sample of the intended recipient's own skin.
Scientists use OCT4 protein to reprogram adult
cells into
embryonic -
like cells, an indication that it is involved in early development (SN: 11/24/07, p. 323).
The stem
cells produced through this therapeutic cloning would,
like other
embryonic stem
cells, be capable of developing into many
cell types and serve as a repair system for whatever part of the body required replenishment at the time.
One week after a breakthrough finding, scientists report they can reprogram human skin
cells to behave
like embryonic stem
cells without a growth factor known to cause cancer
Like embryonic stem
cells, iPSC can be differentiated toward any
cell type in the body, but they do not require the use of embryos.
A new study in Nature Genetics identifies a specific population of pluripotent
embryonic stem
cells that can reprogram to totipotent -
like cells in culture.
IPSC's are derived from the donated skin or blood
cells of adults and, with the reactivation of four genes, are reprogrammed back to an
embryonic stem
cell -
like state.
iPSCs are
cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to an
embryonic stem -
cell -
like state, meaning that they can differentiate into virtually any of the body's different
cell types.
They then exposed these
cells to certain growth factors in - vitro to cause them to turn into liver -
like cells, in a process that mimics
embryonic development.