Sentences with phrase «embryonic development as»

Fishman, in particular, wanted to advance his studies in oncodevelopmental biology, exploiting proteins involved in embryonic development as tumor markers.

Perhaps the most astonishing stage of pregnancy is that of the embryonic development as your unborn child goes from being the size of a sesame seed and looking like a tadpole to being the size of a kidney bean with some neck definition and tiny webbed fingers and toes.

Not exact matches

As specialized cells are generated during embryonic development, they are programmed to use only a limited amount of the total genetic information present in the nucleus to produce the proteins required for their particular function.

Embryonic stem cells are produced during development by the same process of epigenetic programming that later will produce adult cells such as skin and brain.

This process of restricting the use of genetic information during embryonic development is known as epigenetic programming» programming that is not part of the DNA code itself but imposed on that code during embryonic development.

This complex society may be said to begin with conception, or with a late stage of embryonic development, or with early childhood, depending upon the purpose which determines what one takes as its defining characteristic.

«Thus, we hypothesize that Gdf3 combines with Ndr1 and Ndr2 to facilitate Nodal signaling during zebrafish development, acting as an essential factor in embryonic patterning,» said Pelliccia, a graduate student in molecular biology.

Animals such as salamanders and planaria regenerate tissues by rekindling genetic mechanisms that guide the patterning of body structures during embryonic development.

It was all sequentially programmed, as if the creator booted up the cosmos at creation and let it run, or, as Robert Chambers put it when talking about embryonic development, «like Mr Babbage programming his Engine».

How do you visualise the extremely small forces connected to processes in our body, such as embryonic growth and development?

When Kaufman, Zon and colleagues looked to see what was different about these early cancer cells, they found that crestin and the other activated genes are the same ones turned on during zebrafish embryonic development — specifically, in the stem cells that give rise to the pigment cells known as melanocytes, within a structure called the neural crest.

Manuel Eguren has analysed the biological consequences of Cdh1 elimination in rapidly dividing cells, as part of his doctoral research project in Malumbres's group; he focused on progenitors from the nervous system during embryonic development in mice.

Salk scientists and colleagues have proposed new molecular criteria for judging just how close any line of laboratory - generated stem cells comes to mimicking embryonic cells seen in the very earliest stages of human development, known as naïve stem cells.

Cell migration is highly coordinated and occurs in processes such as embryonic development, wound healing, the formation of new blood vessels, and tumour cell invasion.

The zebrafish is used as a model organism for research into the embryonic development of vertebrates.

The ability of a fertilized egg to generate both embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues is referred to as «totipotency,» an ultimate stem cell state seen only during the earliest stages of embryonic development.

Animals as varied as grasshoppers and mice build their bodies by assembling repetitive pieces during embryonic development.

In addition, researchers found that the gene families related to whale's body hair and sensory receptors were contracted, such as Keratin - related gene families associated with hair formation, several Hox genes that play an important role in the body plan and embryonic development.

The next step, he says, is to investigate how embryonic mouse brains with induced folds develop as they mature past the fetal stages of development and to look across species to see if the gene has similar effects in other mammals.

As described in the journal Genes & Development, the researchers identified a new pathway controlling heterochromatin organisation in mouse embryonic stem cells.

Other potential uses of embryonic stem cells include investigation of early human development, study of genetic disease and as in vitro systems for toxicology testing.

However, malformation of skeletal bones during embryogenesis also occurs in FOP patients and illustrates that the underlying genetic mutation occurs in a gene with functional importance in regulating chondro - osseous differentiation during embryonic skeletal development as well as in adult musculoskeletal tissues.

Neural crest cells are a type of stem cell; during vertebrate embryonic development, they eventually differentiate into specialized cells such as those that make facial skeleton cells or those that create pigment cells.

«The ability to generate pure populations of these cell types is very important for any kind of clinically important regenerative medicine,» said Loh, «as well as to develop a basic road map of human embryonic development.

In parallel, the roles of symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions are investigated as a mechanism for governing stem cell self - renewal and differentiation during embryonic development and in the adult.

The gene, known as gata5, acts in embryonic cells, which are primordial, unspecialized cells that form in the earliest stage of embryonic development and are genetically programmed to evolve into one of many specialized cell types, such as skeletal muscle cells, nerve cells, blood cells, skin cells, and liver cells.

The grand architecture of the human cortex, with its hundreds of distinct cell types, begins as a uniform layer of neural stem cells and builds itself from the inside out during several months of embryonic development.

They discovered that extra chromosome 21 - a genetic state known as trisomy 21 - disturbs a key regulating gene called NRSF or REST, which in turn disturbs the cascade of other genes that control normal development at the embryonic stem cell stage.

Since the in vitro reprogramming systems are characterised by very low efficiency Petra's lab focuses on the systems where epigenetic reprogramming occurs naturally as a part of normal embryonic development.

«The current extension of induced pluripotency to human cells is a major development and although it is early days for this technique it may well prove to be every bit as signifcant as the first derivation of human embryonic stem cells nine years ago.

The telomeres are produced during embryonic development but start to crumble away as cells mature and divide.

As one example, using insights from embryonic development, Jessell has been able to convert embryonic stem cells into functioning motor neurons, facilitating the discovery of medicines to treat such diseases.

They found that groups of genes appear to work together in heart cells in a coordinated fashion — switching on and off as a group at designated times during embryonic development.

The research team hypothesized that HARs instead acted as «enhancers,» controlling when and for how long certain genes were switched on during embryonic development.

Integrating this new information into computational models, my colleagues and I predicted that about 5 percent of HARs function as noncoding RNAs, while most are enhancers that control gene expression during embryonic development.9

Thus, all research on lines of human embryonic stem cells as the cells of various phenotypes derived from these lines should aim to lexploration mechanisms or the development and validation of therapeutic applicable to serious diseases.

The challenge takes on even more urgency with recent developments, including a federal administration now more open to exploring the potential of stem cells, the recent FDA approval of a human trial involving embryonic stem cells, as well as the reported case of a young boy who developed a brain tumor four years after receiving a stem - cell treatment for a rare genetic disorder.

These images show human embryonic stem cell colonies, as grown in 1998 by researchers at the University of Wisconsin — Madison, in different stages of development.

We show that DONSON is expressed in progenitor cells of embryonic human brain and other proliferating tissues, is co-expressed with components of the DNA replication machinery, and that Donson is essential for early embryonic development in mice as well, suggesting an essential conserved role for DONSON in the cell cycle.

For example, clusters containing genes that are upregulated during the course of ES cell differentiation (Table 3) include in order of time of expression: cluster 30 that represents genes which take part in the formation of the three embryonic germ layers during gastrulation, i.e., Goosecoid, Cerberus like 1 homolog, Wnt3, Mesp1, Mixl1, mEomes and Even - skipped 1; cluster 15 containing molecular regulators of early mesoderm development including Bmp2, Bmp5, Msx1, Msx2, Cripto, Tbx20, Hey2, Smad6, Vegfr2 (Kdr), Foxf1 and Hand1; cluster 20, which comprises regulatory and structural genes linked to hemopoiesis such as Gata1, Nfe2, Klf1, Tie1, hemoglobins (Hba - x, Hbb - b1) and Glycophorin A; cluster 12, which is rich in genes involved in cardiac development, e.g., Mef2c, Myl4, cardiac Troponin T2, Tropomodulin 1, myosin binding protein C, Bves, Angiopoietin 1 and Angiopoietin 2; and, cluster 4, which consists mostly of genes associated with neuronal development and differentiation, for example, Neurog1, Neurog2, Olig2, Nkx6.1, Neurod4, Pou3f2, Pou3f4, Cacna2d3, Cacng4, Kcnq2 and EphA5.

Thus, the ability to measure DNAme in single cells has the potential to make important contributions to the understanding of several key biological processes, such as embryonic development, disease progression and aging.

The study could provide clues to the genetic code that controls the expression of genes, and may also further our understanding of embryonic development and diseases such as cancer.

However, the disrupted embryonic and fetal development of cattle clones produced by SCNT has been used as a model to elucidate the mechanisms of embryo loss, the maternal recognition of pregnancy (13, 14), and placental development (15 ⇓ — 17).

Such work yields unique mechanistic insight by directly illustrating the complex spatial - temporal dynamics of fundamental cellular processes such as mitosis, morphogenesis, polarization, embryonic development, membrane trafficking and cytoskeleton dynamics.