Sentences with phrase «emission factors as»

The tables provide comparisons of implied emission factors and activity data as reported in the common reporting format, data from international sources, emissions, information on methods used and emission factors as reported by parties.

In this paper, the term methodological issues encompasses aspects of statistical data and emission factors as well as algorithms to estimate emissions.

Not exact matches

«As for all electric vehicles, a grid emission factor of 0.5 g CO2 / Wh was also applied to the electric energy consumption.

Combining the generation data, project location, and eGRID emissions factor, NEC estimated the amount of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide (measured together as metric tons of CO2 Eq.)

The emissions maths factored in the carbon cost of producing and processing ingredients, as well as how they were packaged, transported and cooked.

And many analysts view gas as a growing piece of a puzzle of policy and economic factors that could keep U.S. carbon emissions in check through 2035.

Since 1950, world population has risen by a factor of 2.7, but our use of materials such as metals and oil has quadrupled, and greenhouse gas emissions are up more than fivefold.

Current, sulfur dioxide monitoring activities include the use of emission inventories that are derived from ground - based measurements and factors, such as fuel usage.

Barnard and his team predicted how SoCal's shores would evolve from 2010 through 2100 by modeling the factors that influence beaches — estimates for sea level rise as well as wave and storm behavior and predicted climate change patterns if the world eventually stabilizes its greenhouse gas emissions by mid-century, then starts reducing them.

But this outcome is not a given and depends on a variety of factors that can impact black carbon emissions such as engine design, fuel composition and geographic location.

California's Bay Area Air Quality Management District changed its approach after studies showed leaks from oil refineries in the area — known as fugitive emissions — were likely underrepresented in emission factors.

About a third of the factors used to estimate pipeline leaks and other natural gas emissions in the most recent inventory, for 2015, are based on a 1996 study by the EPA and an industry group then known as the Gas Research Institute.

Factors such as dairy cow breed and nonproduction variables may also have an effect on GHG emissions on organic dairy farms.

At present, nations report methane emissions in terms of CO2 equivalents, using GWP100 as the conversion factor.

Some of the factors influencing ammonia emission — such as seasons — are beyond a farmer's control.

«To mitigate the effects of climate change, we can talk about two types of options: to attack it at its origin, by eliminating or reducing the human factors that contribute to it (such as, reducing emissions, controlling pollution, etc.) or developing strategies that allow for its effects to be reduced, such as, in the case that concerns us, increasing green areas in cities, using, for example, the tops of buildings as green roofs,» states the University of Seville researcher, Luis Pérez Urrestarazu.

Hydrogen is clean - burning, producing only water vapor as waste, so fuel - cell vehicles using hydrogen will be zero - emission, an important factor given the need to reduce air pollution.

Barthelemy says the model could also come in handy for estimating traffic delays, gas consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, so that urban planners and policy makers can better understand how those different factors evolve as a city grows.

He notes that the FDA analyzed the environmental impact of POSILAC some 15 years ago (as it assessed its safety) and at that time concluded that it might actually increase greenhouse emissions slightly because of, among other factors, the diesel expended to transport it to farms.

It is widely known that the terrestrial biosphere (the collective term for all the world's land vegetation, soil, etc.) is an important factor in mitigating climate change, as it absorbs around 20 % of all fossil fuel CO2 emissions.

And finally, what about Mark's questions (# 3) and other factors not discussed here — do all these effects re Arctic ice lead scientists to believe there is a greater and / or earlier chance (assuming we continue increasing our GHG emissions — business as usual) of melting hydrates and permafrost releasing vast stores of methane into the atmosphere than scientists believed before the study, or is the assessment of this about the same, or scientists are not sure if this study indicates a greater / lesser / same chance of this?

As observed wildfires data from satellites only goes back to 1990s, the researchers used models to look further back in time and identify the influence of different factors that may have impacted wildfire emissions, says Arora:

We convert energy content to carbon content using emission factors of Table 4.2 of [15] for coal, gas and conventional oil, and, also following [15], emission factor of unconventional oil is approximated as being the same as for coal.

They also point out that there are other factors to consider, such as the deployment of such a system leading to political or military conflict, and the fact it ignores the acidification of the ocean, which is also caused by CO2 emissions.

Autoblog adds, «The study suggests that the increase in hybrid vehicle sales will be influenced by such factors such as increased pressure from government agencies to reduce fuel consumption and overall vehicle emissions, as well as a drastic reduction in the cost of hybrid technology.»

The two largest factors influencing wildfire emissions included land use change, such as the conversion of forests to cropland, and local population increases, the researchers say.

Changes in a variety of other factors such as operating procedures, aircraft routing, and load factors can also have significant impacts on greenhouse gas emissions per passenger mile.

Three factors have improved as a result: Emissions, economy and in some models, performance.

In fact, as Congress looks at offsets, we should factor in the broader impact — such as giving people $ 39 billion worth of lost time back; or saving 830 million gallons of fuel; or eliminating more than 17 billion pounds of greenhouse gas emissions; or preventing more than 200,000 crashes.

Overall, Delphi favors a 3 - cylinder configuration as opposed to a 4 - cylinder for reduced fuel consumption and regulated emissions for a number of factors, including better high load scavenging for high load performance.

Word has it the Cat Badge is ditching its current supercharged 3.0 - liter V - 6 in the U.K., citing tightening emissions regulations and poor sales as major contributing factors in its demise.

Also, those wanting to assess the real worth to them can — as applicable — factor in the benefit of reducing emissions, potentially cutting a lot of gasoline use out of their lives, and solo access to HOV lanes in California, and possibly other states.

Nick Moran of The Millions had interesting prospective, mentioning «The emissions and e-waste for e-Readers could be stretched even further if I went down the resource rabbit hole to factor in: electricity needed at the Amazon and Apple data centers; communication infrastructure needed to transmit digital files across vast distances; the incessant need to recharge or replace the batteries of eReaders; the resources needed to recycle a digital device (compared to how easy it is to pulp or recycle a book); the packaging and physical mailing of digital devices; the need to replace a device when it breaks (instead of replacing a book when it's lost); the fact that every reader of eBooks requires his or her own eReading device (whereas print books can be loaned out as needed from a library); the fact that most digital devices are manufactured abroad and therefore transported across oceans.

I would like to see a discussion of the likelihood that factors traditionally viewed as slow response feedback factors (such as Arctic albedo, or high methane emissions permafrost degradation) may actually become faster response feedback factors.

Sensitivity analysis shows that future fire potential depends on many factors such as climate model and emission scenario used for climate change projection.

This early warming has been attributed to internal factors, such as natural climate variability in the Atlantic region, and external factors, such as solar variability and greenhouse gas emissions.

Factor in the «carbon light» CO2 from coal seam gas projects in the East (and other LNG expansion in the north and west) and you're talking about Australia's fossil fuel emission exports equating to TWO Saudi Arabias by 2020, not one as I've been saying to many disbelieving ears.

There are a number of factors that control CH4 concentrations that are extermely poorly understood and are mostly ignored in the scenarios — the dependence on other gases (such as O3, and CO), the impact of increased temperatures and changes to precip on tropical and boreal wetland emissions, the existence (or not) of a significant methane hydrate source from permafrost or continental shelves, the climate impact on the atmopsheric chemistry of CH4.

Is this a factor which could also be considered, as well as emissions, at a national level?

They also challenged the claim that «Reduced CO2 gas emissions; No transportation needed, fur animals are born, raised and die on the farm» was misleading because it did not take into account other transportation factors such as delivering food to the farm and the transportation of pelts.

Coal is the prime factor determining the pace of growth in emissions of heat - trapping carbon dioxide as human populations and appetites crest in the next few decades.

With all due respect, your continued clumsy attempt to equate «CO2 emissions» with «access to energy» as a factor in human well - being is either dishonest or stupid.

This report, «Climate Stabilization Targets: Emissions, Concentrations, and Impacts Over Decades to Millennia,» provides a fresh degree - by - degree guide to impacts on river flows, rainfall, coasts and other factors that matter enormously over the next few decades as human populations crest.

And finally, what about Mark's questions (# 3) and other factors not discussed here — do all these effects re Arctic ice lead scientists to believe there is a greater and / or earlier chance (assuming we continue increasing our GHG emissions — business as usual) of melting hydrates and permafrost releasing vast stores of methane into the atmosphere than scientists believed before the study, or is the assessment of this about the same, or scientists are not sure if this study indicates a greater / lesser / same chance of this?

Current attempts by national governments worldwide to control industrial CO2 emissions following the recommendations of the IPCC could be viewed within the scientific paradigm as the projection of a large scale experiment on the earth's climate system to validate the hypothesis that anthropogenic CO2 emissions through the burning of fossil fuels and land use changes (inter alia) are a major factor driving climate change.

Those eruptions meant there was more subsequent warming in the following years, making the rate of warming appear to be rising as a result of man - made emissions or other factors, Christy said.

Power - sector CO2 emissions are influenced by a number of factors not directly affected by environmental policies, such as macroeconomic growth levels and relative fuel prices.

The researchers suggest that other factors, such as changing peat temperatures or water levels, may also play a role in a peatland's greenhouse gas emissions.

A recent Canadian study of the nation - wide emissions of greenhouse gases from agricultural activities used nitrous oxide emissions factors which indicated that nitrous oxide emissions from anhydrous ammonia and ammonium phosphate were from four to five times as high as those from urea or ammonium nitrate.

The increased natural gas production and use is critically important, as it is the key factor in reduced carbon emissions during a period of U.S. economic expansion — a break with historic precedent noted by the New York Times.