Sentences with phrase «emission factors in»

The carbon dioxide emission factors in this article are expressed in terms of the energy content of coal as pounds of carbon dioxide per million Btu.

To help address this problem, Smith et al. calculated peatland emission factors in the field.

In addition, it includes a mechanism to expand eligible crops and regions based on acceptable submission of peer - reviewed scientific data to justify the adoption of conservative emission factors in the U.S. and internationally.

Many standards use emission factors in their prescription and therefore do not impose absolute limits on the emissions.

«That foundation is buried to such an extent that it's not often appreciated,» says David Mobley, who worked on emission factors in the 1990s.

A detailed field guide for «Methods for Assessing Carbon Stocks and Emissions Factors in Mangroves, Tidal marshes and Seagrasses» is currently available in our Resources section and the standardized methods outlined within allows consistent collection of comparable data in these habitats around the world.

The International Blue Carbon Initiative is proud to present «Coastal Blue Carbon: methods for assessing carbon stocks and emissions factors in mangroves, tidal salt marshes, and seagrass meadows».

Coastal Blue Carbon: Methods for assessing carbon stocks and emissions factors in mangroves, tidal salt marshes, and seagrass meadows.

Finally, the researchers examined collections of model simulations with and without human emissions factored in to understand to what degree human emissions were responsible for a given impact, by comparing these simulations against observed trends.

Not exact matches

Studies indicate carbon dioxide emissions from transportation in the province have declined 16 % in that time, and while it's impossible to draw a direct causal relationship between the tax and the emissions decline, it's fair to say it was a factor contributing to indisputable behavioural changes — you can't emit 16 % less CO2 by doing the same things you did before.

Last week, Trump signed an executive order rolling back former President Barack Obama's climate change policies, including the Clean Power Plan to slash carbon emissions from power plants — a key factor in the United States» ability to meet its Paris commitments.

Coal remains cheaper, but when you factor in the reduced capital cost (gas plants cost between a quarter and a third what coal plants of equivalent output do), the life - cycle costs point to gas, even in the absence of a price on carbon emissions.

An article published this week in Nature Climate Change (article via Nature paywall) is making the rounds of the headlines because it makes some pretty bold claims — namely that the US State Department under - estimated the emissions impact of the Keystone XL pipeline by up to a factor of four.

Its self - starting leadership will be a key factor in stopping deforestation, making forest supply chains sustainable, and cutting GHG emissions from the land sector.

The emissions maths factored in the carbon cost of producing and processing ingredients, as well as how they were packaged, transported and cooked.

FrieslandCampina, Fonterra, and Arla have all refuted the GHG emission amounts calculated by GRAIN, claiming that the conversion factor used in the report is inaccurate.

The UK will be the deciding factor in an EU debate on carbon dioxide emissions standards for new cars tomorrow, with green groups calling on the government to hold firm.

The team analyzes patient - specific data from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), x-ray computed tomography (CT), biopsies and other factors, in order to develop their computational model.

Today's construction industry is more environmentally - conscious than ever, and the amount of CO2 emissions released by vehicles is a significant factor in deciding which ones to use during an assignment.

And many analysts view gas as a growing piece of a puzzle of policy and economic factors that could keep U.S. carbon emissions in check through 2035.

In this study, we created new per - animal emissions factors — that is measures of the average amount of CH4 discharged by animals into the atmosphere — and new estimates of global livestock methane emissions.»

The authors re-evaluated the data used to calculate IPCC 2006 CH4 emission factors resulting from enteric fermentation in dairy cows and other cattle, and manure management from dairy cows, other cattle and swine.

«There are a lot of unpredictable factors that affect where your emissions land in a given year, so that flexibility matters.»

In its 2007 report, the IPCC concluded with 90 percent certainty that human - caused greenhouse gas emissions have been the primary factor in Earth's overall temperature rise since 195In its 2007 report, the IPCC concluded with 90 percent certainty that human - caused greenhouse gas emissions have been the primary factor in Earth's overall temperature rise since 195in Earth's overall temperature rise since 1950.

And then you look at a place like China, which is just now — despite it's phenomenal growth in recent decades at 9 or 10 percent per year — is just now reaching about the per capita world average on all those factors, energy consumption, wealth and CO2 emissions, and they clearly want to do more.

Although natural gas generates less greenhouse gas than coal when burned, when its total life - cycle emissions associated with extraction and distribution are factored in, it does not seem much cleaner than coal

The moisture content of the yak dung is another key factor in the emission levels, Saikawa says.

«In our study, income appears to explain much of the variation in the regional factors, so essentially if we know how income changes over time, we can hypothesize about how emissions would follow.&raquIn our study, income appears to explain much of the variation in the regional factors, so essentially if we know how income changes over time, we can hypothesize about how emissions would follow.&raquin the regional factors, so essentially if we know how income changes over time, we can hypothesize about how emissions would follow.»

The U.S. General Accounting Office — now the Government Accountability Office — reported in 2001 that polluters rely on the estimates even though «facilities» actual emissions can, and do, vary substantially from the published factors.»

California's Bay Area Air Quality Management District changed its approach after studies showed leaks from oil refineries in the area — known as fugitive emissions — were likely underrepresented in emission factors.

Carman and other advocates say they understand emission factors will have to be used in some circumstances, and that some types of pollution can be estimated with reasonable accuracy.

Due to varying factors, initial emissions caps in the European Union, the U.S. Northeast and California all ended up comfortably above actual emissions, so businesses have not had to pay high prices or face significant incentives to curb their emissions.

Progress on emission factors will hinge on «available resources,» the EPA spokeswoman wrote in an e-mail, declining to specify a deadline for the project.

Because of all of these factors, Vancouver has the lowest per - capita carbon emissions of any major city in the Western Hemisphere.

In 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act, Congress gave the agency six months to make sure all emissions contributing to ozone formation were assigned up - to - date, accurate factors, and directed the EPA to review the numbers every three years thereafter.

When the EPA asked in a 2009 Federal Register notice for suggestions on how to improve the system, companies from electric power generators to auto manufacturers argued for the status quo, saying emission factors were sometimes their only data option.

About a third of the factors used to estimate pipeline leaks and other natural gas emissions in the most recent inventory, for 2015, are based on a 1996 study by the EPA and an industry group then known as the Gas Research Institute.

The EPA's IG came back with a targeted reproach in 2014, questioning the validity of factors used to estimate methane emissions from some pipelines.

«They use default emissions factors for various types of coals, they have to use various efficiency rates and things like that, and slight tweaks in those has huge impacts when you're talking about hundreds of millions of credits.»

Carnegie's Caldeira and Zhang, along with Myhrvold, aimed to identify the key factors that are responsible for most of the difference in greenhouse gas emissions between individual gas and coal plants.

Prices and trading volumes reflect many factors, including differences in the rigor of emission caps, enforcement standards, project monitoring and auditing.

Greenhouse gas emissions that trap heat in the atmosphere, widespread clearing of forests and agricultural activities are major factors driving temperature increases since 1951, the report states.

This field now becomes the dominating factor in determining the emission properties.

The goal was to figure out which factors influence ammonia emissions in dairy barns and to, ultimately, lower the amount of ammonia being released from dairy facilities, says Adeline Bougouin, lead author of the study.

It produces no carbon dioxide exhaust emissions, and even when the CO2 released in generating the electricity used to charge its batteries is factored in, it is responsible for less than half the amount emitted by the «greenest» petrol cars.

At present, nations report methane emissions in terms of CO2 equivalents, using GWP100 as the conversion factor.

Cornell University researchers factored in the carbon emissions over the course of natural gas's life cycle when it is extracted using hydraulic fracturing — which includes drilling the wells, erecting the construction sites, building pipelines to transport the gas, fueling the pumps that force the water underground, and transporting the wastewater — and concluded that natural gas is dirtier than coal.

Indeed, using different official sources of activity data and emissions factors can result in estimates that vary by up to 40 per cent in a given year.

«To mitigate the effects of climate change, we can talk about two types of options: to attack it at its origin, by eliminating or reducing the human factors that contribute to it (such as, reducing emissions, controlling pollution, etc.) or developing strategies that allow for its effects to be reduced, such as, in the case that concerns us, increasing green areas in cities, using, for example, the tops of buildings as green roofs,» states the University of Seville researcher, Luis Pérez Urrestarazu.

Some prior research has suggested that carbon dioxide emissions from all lakes on Earth are less than what was found in the Arctic, and future factors could shift the importance of sunlight, noted Lars Tranvik, a Swedish scientist, in an accompanying Science article.