Sentences with phrase «emission height of»

That produces a CO2 emission height of 20,177 feet (about 35 meters above the reported altitude).

That ruins the entire thing, and I am sold on Miskolczi's paper that because of the conservation of energy, Eu at the top of the troposphere must be 1/2 of Su or hydrostatic stabilty will be affected and lower the effective emission height of the troposphere from convective overturn and release latent heat and clouds which have the same effect.

But this is the first time the emission height of Northern Lights has been measured using images captured with digital SLR cameras.

Not exact matches

The number of days each year above 95 ° Fahrenheit (35 ° Celsius) is expected to rise across the United States, and average summer temperatures will reach new heights if greenhouse gas emissions remain high.

It's not totally about how much infrared from the surface that is blocked (currently about 90 % of surface emissions is absorbed by greenhouse gases), its also about the height within the atmosphere from which radiation escapes.

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Again:, First Gear Ratio -LRB-: 1): 3.33, Second Gear Ratio -LRB-: 1): 1.96, Third Gear Ratio -LRB-: 1): 1.35, Fourth Gear Ratio -LRB-: 1): 1.00, Fifth Gear Ratio -LRB-: 1): 0.73, Sixth Gear Ratio -LRB-: 1): 0.59, Reverse Ratio -LRB-: 1): 3.06, Trans PTO Access: No, Transfer Case Power Take Off: No, Cold Cranking Amps @ 0 ° F (Primary): 710, Cold Cranking Amps @ 0 ° F (2nd): 710, Tons / yr of CO2 Emissions @ 15K mi / year: 11.8, Maximum Alternator Capacity (amps): 170, Engine Oil Cooler: Regular Duty, Suspension Type - Front: Double Wishbone, Suspension Type - Rear: Leaf, Axle Type - Front: Independent, Axle Type - Rear: Rigid Axle, Axle Ratio -LRB-: 1)- Front: 4.30, Axle Ratio -LRB-: 1)- Rear: 4.30, Front Tire Order Code:, Rear Tire Order Code:, Spare Tire Order Code:, Front Tire Size: P255 / 70TR18, Rear Tire Size: P255 / 70TR18, Spare Tire Size: Full - Size, Front Wheel Size: 18 X 8, Rear Wheel Size: 18 X 8, Spare Wheel Size: Full - Size, Front Wheel Material: Styled Steel, Rear Wheel Material: Styled Steel, Spare Wheel Material: Steel, Steering Type: Rack - Pinion, Turning Diameter - Curb to Curb: 44, Brake ABS System: 4 - Wheel, Brake ABS System (Second Line): 4 - Wheel, Disc - Front (Yes or): Yes, Disc - Rear (Yes or): Yes, Front Brake Rotor Diam x Thickness: 13.9, Rear Brake Rotor Diam x Thickness: 13.6, Drum - Rear (Yes or):, Rear Drum Diam x Width:, Fuel Tank Capacity, Approx: 26.4, Fuel Tank Location: Midship, Aux Fuel Tank Location: Midship, Front Head Room: 39.7, Front Leg Room: 42.5, Front Shoulder Room: 65.7, Front Hip Room: 62.6, Second Head Room: 38.9, Second Leg Room: 42.3, Second Shoulder Room: 65.5, Second Hip Room: 60.4, Wheelbase: 145.7, Width, Max w / o mirrors: 79.9, Height, Overall: 75.8, Cab to Axle: 27, Ground to Top of Load Floor: 33.7, Ground Clearance, Front: 10.2, Ground Clearance, Rear: 10.2, Cargo Box Length @ Floor: 66.7, Cargo Box Width @ Top, Rear: 66.4, Cargo Box Width @ Floor: 66.4, Cargo Box Width @ Wheelhousings: 50, Cargo Box (Area) Height: 22.2

Again:, First Gear Ratio -LRB-: 1): 3.52, Second Gear Ratio -LRB-: 1): 2.04, Third Gear Ratio -LRB-: 1): 1.40, Fourth Gear Ratio -LRB-: 1): 1.00, Fifth Gear Ratio -LRB-: 1): 0.72, Reverse Ratio -LRB-: 1): 3.22, Trans PTO Access: No, Transfer Case Power Take Off: No, Cold Cranking Amps @ 0 ° F (Primary): 750, Cold Cranking Amps @ 0 ° F (2nd): 750, Tons / yr of CO2 Emissions @ 15K mi / year: 9.8, Engine Oil Cooler: None, Suspension Type - Front: Double Wishbone, Suspension Type - Rear: Multi-Link, Axle Type - Front: Independent, Axle Type - Rear: Rigid Axle, Axle Ratio -LRB-: 1)- Front: 3.73, Axle Ratio -LRB-: 1)- Rear: 3.73, Front Tire Order Code:, Rear Tire Order Code:, Spare Tire Order Code:, Front Tire Size: P265 / 70SR17, Rear Tire Size: P265 / 70SR17, Spare Tire Size: Full - Size, Front Wheel Size: 17 X 7, Rear Wheel Size: 17 X 7, Spare Wheel Size: Full - Size, Front Wheel Material: Aluminum, Rear Wheel Material: Aluminum, Spare Wheel Material: Steel, Steering Type: Rack - Pinion, Turning Diameter - Curb to Curb: 37.4, Brake ABS System: 4 - Wheel, Brake ABS System (Second Line): 4 - Wheel, Disc - Front (Yes or): Yes, Disc - Rear (Yes or): Yes, Front Brake Rotor Diam x Thickness: 13.3, Rear Brake Rotor Diam x Thickness: 12.3, Drum - Rear (Yes or):, Rear Drum Diam x Width:, Fuel Tank Capacity, Approx: 23, Fuel Tank Location: Midship, Aux Fuel Tank Location: Midship, Front Head Room: 39.3, Front Leg Room: 41.7, Front Shoulder Room: 57.8, Front Hip Room: 56.5, Second Head Room: 38.6, Second Leg Room: 32.9, Second Shoulder Room: 57.8, Second Hip Room: 55.7, Third Head Room:, Third Leg Room:, Third Shoulder Room:, Third Hip Room:, Wheelbase: 109.8, Length, Overall: 190.2, Width, Max w / o mirrors: 75.8, Height, Overall: 71.5, Track Width, Front: 63.2, Track Width, Rear: 63.2, Min Ground Clearance: 9, Cargo Volume to Seat 1: 89.7, Cargo Volume to Seat 2: 47.2, Cargo Volume to Seat 3: 47.2

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Colored Power W / Tilt Down Heated Side Mirrors W / Convex Spotter And Manual Folding, Day - Night Rearview Mirror, Driver And Passenger Visor Vanity Mirrors W / Driver And Passenger Illumination Air Interior Air Filtration, Manual Front Air Conditioning, Air Filtration, Manual Air Conditioning Trim Urethane Shift Knob Trim, Metal - Look Dash Trim, Chrome Side Windows Trim And Black Front Windshield Trim Steering Cruise Controls On Steering Wheel, Urethane Steering Wheel Trim, Audio Controls On Steering Wheel, Tilt And Telescopic Steering Wheel, Speed - Proportional Electric Power Steering, Manual Tilt / Telescoping Steering Column, Cruise Control W / Steering Wheel Controls, Radio W / Clock Speed Compensated Volume Control Steering Wheel Controls Voice Activation And Radio Data System, Electric Power - Assist Speed - Sensing Steering Entertainment Bluetooth Wireless Phone Connectivity, Digital Audio Input, In - Dash Single Cd Player, Audio System Memory Card Slot, Mp3 Player, Siriusxm Am / Fm / Hd / Satellite Radio, Radio Data System, Speed Sensitive Audio Volume Control, Total Number Of Speakers: 6, Video Monitor Location: Front, Siriusxm Satellite Radio Fuel Fuel Consumption: City: 25 Mpg, Fuel Consumption: Highway: 38 Mpg, Fuel Type: Regular Unleaded, Fuel Capacity: 18.5 Gal., Instrumentation: Low Fuel Level, Remote Releases - Inc: Power Cargo Access And Power Fuel Dimensions Max Cargo Capacity: 16 Cu.Ft., Curb Weight: 3, Gross Vehicle Weight: 4, Overall Length: 191.1, Overall Width: 73.4, Overall Height: 58.1, Wheelbase: 110.4, Front Head Room: 40.4, Rear Head Room: 38.0, Front Leg Room: 45.5, Rear Leg Room: 35.6, Front Shoulder Room: 57.9, Rear Shoulder Room: 56.5, Front Hip Room: 55.3, Rear Hip Room: 56.1, Outboard Front Lap And Shoulder Safety Belts - Inc: Rear Center 3 Point Height Adjusters And Pretensioners Lights Privacy Glass: Light, Daytime Running Lights, Front And Rear Reading Lights, Remote Activated Exterior Entry Lights, Cargo Area Light, Headlights Off Auto Delay, Dusk Sensing Headlights, Halogen Projector Beam Headlights, Light Tinted Glass, Perimeter / Approach Lights, Cargo Space Lights, Front And Rear Map Lights, Fade - To - Off Interior Lighting Airbags 1St And 2Nd Row Curtain Head Airbags, Passenger Airbag, Side Airbag, Driver Knee Airbags, Driver Airbag, Curtain 1St And 2Nd Row Airbags, Airbag Occupancy Sensor, Dual Stage Driver And Passenger Seat - Mounted Side Airbags, Dual Stage Driver And Passenger Front Airbags, Driver Knee Airbag Suspension Suspension Class: Regular, Independent Front Suspension Classification, Strut Front Suspension, Four - Wheel Independent Suspension, Independent Rear Suspension, Multi-Link Rear Suspension, Front And Rear Suspension Stabilizer Bars, Multi-Link Rear Suspension W / Coil Springs, Strut Front Suspension W / Coil Springs Features Power Windows, Cruise Control, Front Ventilated Disc Brakes, Rear Spoiler: Lip, Braking Assist, Abs And Driveline Traction Control, Stability Control, Silver Aluminum Rims, Trip Computer, External Temperature Display, Tachometer, Manufacturer's 0 - 60Mph Acceleration Time (Seconds): 8.1 S, Blue Link, Power Remote Trunk Release, Anti-Theft Alarm System, Rear Bench, Vehicle Emissions: Ulev Ii, Clock: In - Dash, Coil Front Spring, Regular Front Stabilizer Bar, Coil Rear Spring, Rear Stabilizer Bar: Regular, Variable Intermittent Front Wipers, Metal - Look Grille, Center Console: Full With Covered Storage, Overhead Console: Mini With Storage, 252 Lbs., 497 Lbs., Three 12V Dc Power Outlets, Transmission Hill Holder, Seatbelt Pretensioners: Front, Rear Center Seatbelt: 3 - 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Increasing the GHG content increases the depth or width of this bite, with the depth constrained by the coldest altitude of the body in consideration (where the «emission height» eventually propagates to) and the width increases as the wings of the absorption features become important.

While the emission is a function of frequency and height, the general average for CO2 is usually assumed to come from a region with -53 deg.

Thus, given the height and value of the emission temperature, we can get a simple estimate for the surface temperature: 255K + 5.5 km * 6K / km = 288K (= 15oC; close to the global mean estimated from observations given by NCDC of ~ 14oC).

In our simple picture, feedback processes affect changes in the height of the level where most heat loss takes place, the slope of the lapse rate, and heating at the surface (and hence the emission temperature).

In general, so long as there is some solar heating beneath some level, there must be a net LW + convective heat flux upward at that level to balance it in equilibrium; convection tends to require some nonzero temperature decline with height, and a net upward LW flux requires either that the temperature declines with height on the scale of photon paths (from emission to absorption), or else requires at least a partial «veiw» of space, which can be blocked by increasing optical thickness above that level.

You stated: «Thus, given the height and value of the emission temperature, we can get a simple estimate for the surface temperature: 255K + 5.5 km * 6K / km = 288K (= 15oC; close to the global mean estimated from observations given by NCDC of ~ 14oC).»

The ability of a band to shape the temperature profile of the whole atmosphere should tend to be maximum at intermediate optical thicknesses (for a given band width), because at small optical thicknesses, the amounts of emission and absorption within any layer will be small relative to what happens in other bands, while at large optical thicknesses, the net fluxes will tend to go to zero (except near TOA and, absent convection, the surface) and will be insensitive to changes in the temperature profile (except near TOA), thus allowing other bands greater control over the temperature profile (depending on wavelength — greater influence for bands with larger bandwidths at wavelengths closer to the peak wavelength — which will depend on temperature and thus vary with height.

Clear decrease in average rainfall over Central America as a consequence of 21st century climate change, depending on the height of cumulative greenhouse gas emissions.

Based on the blend of trees in the forest and their average height and width, they pegged the total greenhouse gas emissions from that destruction at 2,800,000 tons of carbon dioxide over the next 30 years.

The inappropriately - named «greenhouse» effect is actually the effect of absorption / emission of IR radiation due to radiatively - active gases combined with the effect of declining temperature with height of the atmosphere (lapse rate).

The important issues is the emission of radiation to space — and at what height this takes place from — that causes the surface temperature to change.

The resulting emissions are uncertain to within a factor of two due to uncertainties in wind speed and boundary layer height.

FE in # 145: «What we know quite exactly is the difference between natural sources and sinks at the end of the year: a net sink over the past 50 years at about half the height of human emissions.

Again for the nth time: the height of the natural emissions is completely irrelevant, because these are more than compensated by natural sinks.

Urban pollution concentrations depend on the magnitude of local emissions sources and the prevailing meteorological ventilation of the area — i.e., the height of the atmospheric layer through which the pollutants are being mixed and the average wind speed through that layer.

This effective emission temperature of -19» C corresponds in mid-latitudes with a height of approximately 5 km.

After accounting for errors associated with transport, planetary boundary layer height, lateral boundary conditions, seasonality of emissions, and the spatial resolution of surface emission prior estimates, we find that the California Air Resources Board (CARB) CH4 budget is a factor of 1.64 too low.

Thousands of years ago, during the height of the ancient Greek and Roman empires, lead emissions from sources such as the mining and smelting of lead - silver ores in Europe drifted with the winds over the ocean to Greenland — a distance of more than 2800 miles (4600 km)- and settled onto the ice.

Robert Essenhigh Prediction of the Standard Atmosphere Profiles of Temperature, Pressure, and Density with Height for the Lower Atmosphere by Solution of the (S − S) Integral Equations of Transfer and Evaluation of the Potential for Profile Perturbation by Combustion Emissions Energy Fuels, 2006, 20 (3), pp 1057 — 1067 DOI: 10.1021 / ef050276y

Winds are estimated by using an upward - looking Doppler radar, while temperature and moisture profiles are evaluated by using a vertically pointing radiometer that measures electromagnetic emissions of selected wavelengths at various heights in the troposphere.

For volcanic emissions it depends on the type of volcanic emission, the height of the plume and the size of the particles.

Setting the timing of emissions peaking alone without considering the trajectory of the emissions pathway — especially the height of the peak — may not be helpful in determining whether such measures go as far as the climate science requires.

Since doubling the concentration of CO2 will halve the average height of emission, there is at most 0.5 W / m ^ 2 increase in back radiation from this cause.

You both forget one thing: against natural sources stand natural sinks, We only have rough estimates of the height of the sources and sinks and of their year by year variability, but we have quite exact figures of the difference between natural sources and sinks and their variability: that is the difference between the human emissions and what is measured as increase in the atmosphere.

This exclusion is ridiculous, not least because aircraft emissions have a particular role in heating the planet, due to the height at which they are released, and the multiplying impacts of the water vapour and other gases the planes produce.

The evidence of the size of climate zone shifts and the associated changes in atmospheric heights from Mediaeval Warm Period to Little Ice Age to date suggests that the natural solar and ocean induced changes in the effective radiating height are far greater than anything that could be achieved by human emissions.

More specifically, they find that the relationship between the previously mentioned «El Niño precursor» teleconnection (linking the West Pacific SST anomalies to northeastern Pacific geopotential heights, and subsequently to California precipitation) has strengthened in recent decades due to the emission of greenhouse gases.

Extreme 12 - month geopotential heights similar to those that occurred in 2013 in association with the Triple R are far more common in the presence of human greenhouse emissions (left) than in the absence of human greenhouse emissions (right).

This may be inherent in the raw data available from the fifteen or so MSU or AMSU - equipped satellites over the past 37 years, or in the models of emission vs. height used to deconvolve the atmospheric signal, but I think they may be trying to squeeze more juice out of the lemon than it actually contains.

The surface temperature is the effective radiative temperature -LRB--18 C) plus the average height of emission (5.5 km) times the (moist) adiabatic lapse rate (6 C / km).

Frank O'Donnell, president of Clean Air Watch, an environmental group in Washington, says: «It is the height of hypocrisy for GE to be spending money advertising so - called green locomotives while lobbying behind closed doors against important standards needed to protect our health from train emissions.»

The temperature drops with height due to convective adjustment (standard atmosphere vertical temperature profile with decreasing temperature with height) and the radiative heating profile (Fleagle and Businger 1980; Houghton 1991; Peixoto and Oort 1992; Hartmann 1994), and equals the emission temperature of 254 K at around 6.5 km above the ground (Fig.

An analogy to Z T254K is the use of» virtual images» in optics to compute focal points, and likewise, the emission level diagnostic is not actually an emission level, but is just the height of the temperature that corresponds to the bulk emission level on the right hand side of Eq.

This wouldn't affect the average height of emission, because in these bands there would be zero emission (and zero absorption from the surface).

a) show why the equation is wrong, OR b) show why Ta = Ts, with reference to the height of emission and the lapse rate

The explanation for why Z T254K changes as a response to increasing IR opacity of the atmosphere is that emissions from a constant height will to a greater degree become re-absorbed when the air becomes increasingly opaque at or above this level.

The emission from ~ 7um and ~ 15um bands is smaller than at the surface because the overall TEMPERATURE of air is smaller at that height (of emission to space).