Sentences with phrase «emission intensity with»

Not exact matches

The approach the government had in mind was the following: target the largest polluters, those with emissions over 100,000 tonnes per year, and use «intensity targets.»

This graphic depicts the carbon intensity of shipping wine from various global wine regions to key U.S. cities and bases its data on a seriously flawed, two - year - old working paper that is filled with untested assumptions, has not been peer reviewed, and does not accurately reflect the complexities of greenhouse gas emissions in the wine sector.

We focus on ruminant livestock since it has the highest emissions intensity across food sectors... While shifting consumption patterns in wealthy countries from imported to domestic livestock products reduces GHG emissions associated with international trade and transport activity, we find that these transport emissions reductions are swamped by changes in global emissions due to differences in GHG emissions intensities of production.

In three separate indoor UV chambers, Benca exposed the dwarf pines to 7.5, 10 and 13 times Berkeley's normal UV - B intensity, in line with estimates of the impact Siberian Trap eruptions would have had on the ozone layer if their emissions occurred over various lengths of time, ranging from 400,000 years to less than 200,000 years.

Efforts to improve the intensity of these emissions have focused on ytterbium (Yb) rare - earth dopants, as they are easily excitable with standard lasers.

As the Saturn kilometric radiation (so known because the radio emissions» wavelengths are measured in kilometers), or SKR, emanates from the gas - giant planet, its intensity oscillates every 10.5 hours or so, nearly in concert with the planet's rotation.

Aldy's scheme allows that plant to satisfy the standard through a combination of buying low or zero - emissions power and making its own power with lower carbon intensity.

Comparing the observed intensity of the polarized emissions with the theoretical prediction, they determined that the size of the dust particles is at most 150 micrometers.

«Nonlinear stage - scanning confocal microscopy is critical because it allows us to rapidly measure the nonlinear emission from thousands of different nanostructures while minimizing the potential systematic errors, such as intensity or beam pointing variations, often associated with tuning the wavelength of an ultrafast laser,» O'Brien says.

With spectral data taken in a wide frequency range, we can obtain intensity ratio of various molecular line emissions.

We compared the [CII] intensity map with... ▽ More We investigate the large - scale structure of the interstellar medium (ISM) around the massive star cluster RCW38 in the [CII] 158 um line and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission.

Fluorescence intensities were measured at an excitation wavelength of 340 or 380 nm and an emission wavelength of 510 nm, with a fluorescence spectrometer (Hitachi F - 2500) during stimulation as indicated in Fig. 5.

2) To the extent that there are any hopeful signs regarding intentional geo - engineering, those who profit from carbon emissions will immediately demand a relaxation in the intensity with which we pursue carbon reductions.

With the world watching, China's president Hu Jintao offered his country's biggest climate change initiative yet at the UN this morning, saying China would establish emissions intensity targets — not absolute targets, but cuts in emissions per unit of

Target 3: Cut the Carbon - Intensity of GDP by 17 %: Slower energy demand growth combined with increased non-fossil energy supply curbed Chinese emissions growth in 2012.

Refraction, specifically the real component of refraction n (describes bending of rays, wavelength changes relative to a vacuum, affects blackbody fluxes and intensities — as opposed to the imaginary component, which is related to absorption and emission) is relatively unimportant to shaping radiant fluxes through the atmosphere on Earth (except on the small scale processes where it (along with difraction, reflection) gives rise to scattering, particularly of solar radiation — in that case, the effect on the larger scale can be described by scattering properties, the emergent behavior).

Assuming that the effects of GHG reductions on hurricane intensity are instantaneous and exactly proportional to emissions concentrations (also dubious assumptions, but lets go with them) under full and successful implementation of Kyoto, including the participation of the US, the reduction in projected damages would be about $ 0.03.»

The long - term rise shows that even with steady reduction in emissions compared to economic growth (that old «intensity» measure preferred by the Bush administration), emissions still rise overall along with the American population and resulting resource consumption.

If you were to place an IR sensor in space, opposite the sun, to view the earth's surface you would clearly see a glowing surface of higher intensity on the left with a very low level emission on the right.

To reach Singapore's Nationally Determined Contribution under the Paris Agreement — to reduce emissions intensity by 36 per cent from 2005 levels by 2030, and peak carbon emissions by 2030 — the public has to engage in dialogue with the government and help shape a carbon tax that reflects Singapore's ambition.

The least cost option to achieve the same emissions intensity as France, i.e. 42 g / kWh, is with 31 GW of nuclear.

The CPP specifies intensity rate targets for existing fossil fuel - fired electric generating units operating or under construction as of early 2014, with the stated aim of reducing carbon emissions in the power sector by 30 % from 2005 levels by 2030.

But, if we tweak that a bit, we can replace the largely irrelevant notion of «renewability» with emissions - intensity, and we have something like a carbon price.

But the required reduction of emissions intensity by 40 to 45 percent in 2020 compared with the level of 2005 means the emissions of [greenhouse gases] in 2020 has to be roughly the same as emissions now,» Qi Jianguo, of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told Xinhua.

HP worked with WWF specialists to develop a science - based target for Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emissions and a supply chain GHG emissions intensity reduction goal for Scope 3 emissions.

Another clever trick with China is to use emissions «intensity», or emissions per unit GDP, which, given China's GDP is going through the roof, means emissions will too, despite intensity reducing.

To reconcile a century of 3 percent growth with the more ambitious goal of reducing resource consumption and pollutant emissions, the abatement of resource and emissions intensity would have to be even more drastic.

The four main elements were the carbon intensity goal, the emissions peak and forestry and clean energy targets outlined in November by Chinese President Xi Jinping in a joint announcement with Obama.

ARB's blatant disregard for current data and information related to the lifecycle GHG emissions associated with corn ethanol resulted in significant overestimation of the carbon intensity of corn ethanol.

In general, an intensity target should only be set if it leads to absolute reductions in line with climate science or is modelled using a sector - specific pathway (e.g., SDA) that assures emission reductions for the sector as a whole.

Intensity targets are only eligible when they lead to absolute emission reduction targets in line with climate scenarios for keeping warming to within 2 °C or when they are modelled using an approved sector pathway or method by the Science Based Targets initiative (e.g. the Sectoral Decarbonization Approach).

[1] The Clean Energy Standard Act of 2012 defines «clean» electricity as «electricity generated at a facility placed in service after 1991 using renewable energy, qualified renewable biomass, natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power, or qualified waste - to - energy; and electricity generated at a facility placed in service after enactment that uses qualified combined heat and power (CHP), [which] generates electricity with a carbon - intensity lower than 0.82 metric tons per megawatt - hour (the equivalent of new supercritical coal), or [electricity generated] as a result of qualified efficiency improvements or capacity additions at existing nuclear or hydropower facilities -LSB-; or] electricity generated at a facility that captures and stores its carbon dioxide emissions.»

By contrast, in the commercial sector, the ubiquity of air - conditioning (cooling), coupled with the increasing intensity of computer use in offices, has resulted in a 13.7 % growth in GHG emissions since 1990.

Defines «reporting entity» to mean: (1) a covered entity; (2) an entity that would be covered if it had emitted, produced, imported, manufactured, or delivered in 2008 or any subsequent year more than the applicable threshold level of carbon dioxide; (3) other entities that EPA determines will help achieve overall goals of reducing global warming pollution; (4) any vehicle fleet with emissions of more than 25,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent on an annual basis, if its inclusion will help achieve such reduction; (5) any entity that delivers electricity to a facility in an energy - intensive industrial sector that meets the energy or GHG intensity criteria.

Assuming average CO2 emissions intensity of 0.8 t / MWh, electricity generation with coal would contribute about 15 Gt CO2 in 2055.

Even if every coal power station were closed and replaced with zero - emissions technology, the NEM's emissions intensity would still be three times this 15g per kWh limit.

INDC Scenario 1 shows the level of emissions consistent with meeting the INDC targets if independent GDP growth rate projections from the IMF and OECD are used for the intensity target calculations (see footnote 10 for more information).

From memory, if France reduced nuclear's share of electricity from 76 % to 50 %, and replaced it with renewables and gas, emissions intensity of electricity would increase from the current 44 g / kWh to 150 g / kWh.

Tropical cyclone activity and intensity increasing Record droughts, floods, heat waves, cold spells, high tides occurring Unequivocal warming of the climate system observed with very high confidence that human activities are to blame Temperature rising even more dramatically in Arctic, threatening ice loss and extinction of species Halving human CO2 emissions immediately might save the planet from catastrophe.

India has undertaken to reduce its emission intensity by 20 - 25 % by 2020 compared with 15 years ago.

Potential emissions data offers a complimentary perspective here because, when combined with data on reserve size, it is an indicator of the carbon intensity of future production.

China has said it will try to voluntarily reduce its emissions of carbon dioxide per unit of economic growth — a measure known as «carbon intensity» — by 40 to 45 percent by 2020, compared with 2005 levels.

Between 2005 and 2010, China cut its carbon intensity (CO2 emissions divided by gross domestic product) by 21 percent, and, last November, it unveiled expanded climate targets in a joint agreement with the US.

But in articles like «Scant Gains Made on CO2 Emissions, Energy Agency Says» by Sarah Kent in the Wall Street Journal on April 18, 2013, we see a graph with a 6 C temperature rise by 2050 — if we don't reduce «carbon intensity.»

Energy intensity added 16 MMmt of CO2 emissions, falling at a rate of 1.4 %, compared with the higher 2005 — 15 annual average decline of 1.7 % per year.

India set a domestic emissions intensity reduction target of 20 to 25 percent by 2020, compared with 2005 levels, excluding its agricultural sector.

It argues that a combination of a targeted carbon intensity level with an emissions cap on a particular sector at some point around or beyond 2020 is the bottom line, beyond which China can not afford to go until its per capita income catches up with the level of middle - developed countries.

The modeling projects that the vast majority of emission reductions achieved by these industries under a cap - and - trade program will be from reductions in the emission - intensity of their production (e.g., increased energy efficiency, or shifts to lower - emission production methods), rather than from declines in production associated with increased imports from unregulated countries.

Importantly, while output - based allocations can essentially eliminate the leakage that is associated with the reduced international competitiveness of domestic industry, if carefully designed, these allocations can do so while preserving incentives for industry to reduce the emission - intensity of its production.

They modeled a range of electricity systems for the year 2050, including moderately decarbonized grids with emissions intensity that would be 60 % to 80 % below that of the U.S. grid today.