Sentences with phrase «emission of radiation by»

Sg is the emission of radiation by the ground.

Without the heat flow from the surface there would be no back radiation since it is the upward radiation, convection and heat conduction that are responsible for the heating of the atmosphere which, in turn, results in the emission of radiation by atmosphere.

So as Nick Stokes points out (in a comment below), we can draw a line around the whole climate system, including the emission of radiation by the sun (see example 4 just below).

Instead atmospheric physics uses the fundamental equations (the radiative transfer equations) which determine absorption and emission of radiation by water vapor, CO2, methane, and other trace gases.

The principles of absorption and emission of radiation by various atmospheric trace gases like water vapor and CO2 rely on the theory of quantum mechanics.

They release radio energy in a nearly flat spectrum because of the emission of radiation by charged particles moving spirally at nearly the speed of light in a magnetic field enmeshed in the gaseous remnant.

Not exact matches

NGC 2035 is an HII region, or emission nebula, consisting of clouds of gas that glow due to the energetic radiation given off by young stars.

- The giant radio telescopes of NASA's Deep Space Network — which perform radio and radar astronomy research in addition to their communications functions — were tasked with observing radio emissions from Jupiter's radiation belt, looking for disturbances caused by comet dust.

Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation to the rescue.

The greenhouse effect is the process in which the emission of infrared radiation by the atmosphere warms a planet's surface.

So thirsty are theorists for new insights into black holes and relativistic processes that, with each LIGO detection, observational astronomers have leapt into action to target those enormous patches of sky, hoping to see some afterglow or other emission of electromagnetic radiation — even though by definition the resulting larger black hole should emit no light.

Typically, lasers require a much larger cavity that allows light to bounce back and forth between mirrors for it to become amplified into a laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation).

Townes» appointment as director of research for the U.S. government's Institute of Defense Analysis in 1959 slowed his efforts to build an optical device, opening the door for Theodore Maiman to demonstrate the first laser — light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation — in 1960.

It's not totally about how much infrared from the surface that is blocked (currently about 90 % of surface emissions is absorbed by greenhouse gases), its also about the height within the atmosphere from which radiation escapes.

Blais is accustomed to covering space in his music by now — his recent piece on cosmic background radiation, to the tune of Circle of Life, lays down the science behind the search for evidence of cosmic inflation and gravitational waves in space's emissions.

Another type of device, the maser (acronym for «microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation») has proved useful in such areas as radio astronomy, microwave radiometry, and long - distance communications.

Massive yet non-supergiant entities known as «Be stars» are main - sequence stars that notably have, or had at some time, one or more Balmer lines in emission, with the hydrogen - related electromagnetic radiation series projected out by the stars being of particular interest.

Like the main nebula M42, this is an emission nebula, shining by the light emitted from its atoms, after being excited by the high - energy radiation of massive, very hot young stars within it.

It should be pointed out here, that the amount of change in downward heat radiation from changes in cloud cover in the experiment, are far greater than the gradual change in warming provided by human greenhouse gas emissions, but the relationship was nevertheless established.

Part of the emission from the centre of Messier 106 is produced by a process that is somewhat similar to that in a laser — although here the process produces bright microwave radiation.

Composed primarily of hydrogen, much of it ionized (heated or energized) by radiation from the nearby superstar Herschel 36, M8 is known as an emission nebula.

Light therapy or LASER (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) is used for pain management, stimulating tissue healing and controlling inflammation.

LASER is an acronym for «light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.»

A laser therapy treatment seemed like magic just a few years ago, but now we know light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, or «laser» therapy has many bedside uses.

Laser stands for «light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.»

The work is an estimate of the global average based on a single - column, time - average model of the atmosphere and surface (with some approximations — e.g. the surface is not truly a perfect blackbody in the LW (long - wave) portion of the spectrum (the wavelengths dominated by terrestrial / atmospheric emission, as opposed to SW radiation, dominated by solar radiation), but it can give you a pretty good idea of things (fig 1 shows a spectrum of radiation to space); there is also some comparison to actual measurements.

The point is that although selection rules will determine whether a molecular vibration can absorb IR radiation, and is obviously necessary for a complete discussion of the issue, the issue can be simply addressed by consideration of the frequencies of absorption by the gas and emission by the planet.

For those wavelengths in which the air absorbs effectively (such as the 15 micron CO2 band), surface radiation is effectively replaced by colder emission aloft, and is manifest as a bite in the spectrum of Earth's emission (see this image).

Also, why not to simply say that: Unlike major gases of the atmosphere, GHG (mainly water vapor) are heated by IR radiations and cool by IR emission and / or by convection.

Refraction, specifically the real component of refraction n (describes bending of rays, wavelength changes relative to a vacuum, affects blackbody fluxes and intensities — as opposed to the imaginary component, which is related to absorption and emission) is relatively unimportant to shaping radiant fluxes through the atmosphere on Earth (except on the small scale processes where it (along with difraction, reflection) gives rise to scattering, particularly of solar radiation — in that case, the effect on the larger scale can be described by scattering properties, the emergent behavior).

The incident infrared radiation was measures by a pyrgeometer mounted on the ship, and the emission from the sea surface was calculated from the Stefan - Boltzmann equation using the skin temperature measurements of the M - AERI.

Starting with small amounts of absorption, the transient cooling should extend through most of the atmosphere (except the troposphere) because each layer's emission and absorption of radiation from the surface would increase equally if not for the increased absorption of radiation from the surface by lower layers, while the increased absorption of radiation from other layers would be a smaller effect due to the small emissivities — this would be true in the troposphere as well except the convective coupling with the surface would prevent it.

-- Upper - tropospheric moistening in response to anthropogenic warming — Increases in greenhouse forcing inferred from the outgoing longwave radiation spectra of the Earth in 1970 and 1997 — On the Atmospheric Residence Time of Anthropogenically Sourced Carbon Dioxide — Deep Carbon Emissions from Volcanoes «it is clear that these natural emissions were recently dwarfed by anthropogenic emissioEmissions from Volcanoes «it is clear that these natural emissions were recently dwarfed by anthropogenic emissioemissions were recently dwarfed by anthropogenic emissionsemissions»

As LST closely tracks air temperatures over the instrumental period, we can also infer that air temperatures in this region of East Africa varied in concert with the global average and thus were controlled primarily by the major forcings influencing temperatures over this timescale, both natural (solar radiation, volcanism) and anthropogenic (greenhouse - gas emissions; refs 19, 20).

By increasing the humidity, the solar energy is used more efficiently, or putting it another way there is less energy lost to space by the emission of longwave radiation because humid air has a strong greenhouse effecBy increasing the humidity, the solar energy is used more efficiently, or putting it another way there is less energy lost to space by the emission of longwave radiation because humid air has a strong greenhouse effecby the emission of longwave radiation because humid air has a strong greenhouse effect.

Check out the Schwarzschild equation so you understand out to properly calculate both absorption and emission of thermal radiation by CO2.

So the increase in emission to the surface from the increased CO2 is nearly balanced by decreased transmission of solar radiation through the atmosphere.

It clearly states that (a) emission of energy by radiation is accompanied with cooling of the surface (if no compensating changes prevent it), and (b) the tendency to a radiative equilibrium means that the emitter with the higher surface temperature will loose energy due to a negative net radiation balance until this net radiation balance becomes zero.

Once the radiation limits begin to be increased this should have a catalytic effect on reducing emissions: 1) it will mean radiation leaks are understood to be less dangerous that currently thought > less people evacuated from effected zones > reduced cost accident of accidents — reduced accident insurance cost; 2) population takes another look at the effects of radiation > gains an understanding it is much less harmful than they thought > fear subsides > less opposition > easier and less expensive to find sites supported by the people nearby > planning and sight approval costs come down over time

They'd be prepared to advocate all sorts of nutty schemes rather than accept that nuclear power can avoid CO2 emissions at < $ 0 / tonne CO2 — if we are allowed to remove the impediments that have been imposed by 50 years of irrational anti-nuclear protests which have resulted in mass radiation phobia and hysteria.

F.ex if the spontaneous emission was the dominating process, you would see about half of the 15µ radiation emitted by the ground going up (the spontaneous emission being isotropic, half of the emission goes up and half goes down).

On top of that and regardless of any absorption / emission properties there is thermal radiation that is only due to the fact that charges that compose the molecules accelerate by vibration and collision and this property is general for any form of matter.

The gases in the bottles are being heated by conduction but CO2 is also absorbing significant IR in the 2.7 micron band directly from the radiant emissions from the lamp as glass transmits a significant proportion of the radiation at this wavelength and significant IR from the heated glass in the ~ 15 micron bandwidth.

The important point to note for those a little bewildered by all the numbers — we have used the first law of thermodynamics, the equation for emission of radiation and the equation for conducted heat and as a result we have an equation with only one unknown — the temperature.

If there is an increase in the radiation amount (in the spectral area of the ghg molecules), then there will be additional absorption by the CO2 but the emission is temperature dependent.

The scenarios include: «business as usual» (BAU), which assumes no mitigation efforts are made («RCP8.5»); «mitigation», which assumes an intermediate level of emissions («RCP4.5») without negative emissions; «carbon dioxide removal» («CDR»), which assumes moderate emissions with long - term CO2 removal; and «solar radiation management» («SRM»), which is the same as the CDR pathway, but also includes enough SRM to limit temperatures to 1.5 C above pre-industrial levels by 2100.

«Changes in the Earth's radiation budget are driven by changes in the balance between the thermal emission from the top of the atmosphere and the net sunlight absorbed.

Projected global average temperature rise above pre-industrial levels under a range of future scenarios, «business as usual» (BAU), which assumes no mitigation efforts are made (RCP8.5); «mitigation», which assumes moderate emissions (RCP4.5) without negative emissions, «carbon dioxide removal» (CDR), which assumes moderate emissions with long - term CO2 removal; and «solar radiation management» (SRM), which is the same as the CDR pathway but also includes enough SRM to limit temperatures to 1.5 C by 2100.

It will not rise at all if the absorption is balanced by an equal amount of emission (as would occur if its emissivity would be increased from a change in its molecular composition — e.g. the formation of ozone from UV radiation or mixing a little CO2 within it).

Ramanathan explains [10] «Reduction on OLR: At a global average surface temperature of about 289 K the globally averaged emission by the surface is about 395 + / - 5 W / m ² whereas the OLR (outgoing longwave radiation) is only 237 + / - 8 W / m ².