Sentences with phrase «emission output as»

Sandwiches carry with them the same carbon emission output as a car driven 12 miles, according to a study from the University of Manchester.

Not exact matches

While this company's bond did not directly invest in increasing fossil fuel output, refineries are still processing fossil fuels and any investment in making refineries more efficient, as this bond is aiming to, will likely extend plant operating lifetimes and therefore indirectly increase emissions over time.

For example, contests that use pollution reduction as a lottery criterion can be too successful - driving down emissions hugely but at a significant cost to economic output.

Natural, regenerative solutions such as the BIDA ® System offer a new paradigm for water treatment systems, delivering closed - loop mechanisms that efficiently process wastewater on site and restore it to beneficial use, without significant energy output or emissions.

What is less clear is whether Japan's plan to increase its nuclear output to supply 50 percent of all its electricity within two decades as part of a larger effort to trim CO2 emissions will still be followed

The Global Carbon Project's analysis, which compares the world's actual CO2 output with four generations of emissions scenarios used by the IPCC, concludes that «significant emission reductions are needed by 2020 to keep 2 degrees Celsius as a feasible goal,» echoing the recent U.N. assessment.

But the target submitted as part of a pending U.N. deal in Paris in December — to reduce emissions 36 percent per unit of economic output by 2030 compared with 2005 levels as well as peak emissions around 2030 — has not stemmed the criticism.

China, the world's biggest emitter of greenhouse gases, is betting on carbon trading as a key measure to cut its emissions for each unit of economic output 40 to 45 percent below 2005 levels by 2020.

Road emissions make up two - thirds of Seattle's overall greenhouse gas output, a share that is twice as much as in the rest of the country.

Serving as the acoustic indicator of drug delivery dosage, the microbubble emission signal y (t) is used to find the expected controller output u (f) which is fed back to help control ultrasound transducer transmission.

Natural sources of emissions such as volcanoes can been seen from space and it seems obvious that there output has been neglected in determining the amount of carbon going into the air at an given time.

Several bills pending in Congress would set a so - called cap - and - trade policy under which an overall limit on pollution would be set — and companies with low output could sell their allowances to those that fail to cut emissions as long as the total stays within the total pollution cap.

Periods of volcanism can cool the climate (as with the 1991 Pinatubo eruption), methane emissions from increased biological activity can warm the climate, and slight changes in solar output and orbital variations can all have climate effects which are much shorter in duration than the ice age cycles, ranging from less than a decade to a thousand years in duration (the Younger Dryas).

Average daily minimum and maximum temperatures increase in the mid-century and end - of - century projections for both stabilization and business - as - usual emission scenarios (Figure 2 - 10 shows output for annual average daily maximum temperature).

As the performance of road cars climbs ever higher, all - wheel drive starts to make even more sense, harnessing ever greater outputs through ever smarter means - and in recent years, those means have included hybrid 4x4 systems that negate the need for complex transmissions, bringing the added benefits of improved economy and emissions.

The Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) technology was derived from the Audi Le Mans endurance race cars, and offers improved fuel efficiency as well as an increased power output and cleaner emissions.

The engine has a peak power output of 320hp and a maximum torque of 450Nm, the latter developed from just 1,300 rpm, giving this 7 Series the same performance as the outgoing 740i, but with fuel economy stands at 35.8 mpg with CO2 emissions of 184g / km.

As it turns out, the combination adds another «lever» with which engineers can manage output, emissions and efficiency, according to the engineers.

Market launch of the new MINI 5 door with four model variants (combined fuel consumption: 5.9 — 3.6 l / 100 km, combined CO2 emissions: 136 — 95 g / km); two petrol and two diesel engines of the new generation available with MINI TwinPower Turbo Technology; MINI Cooper 5 door with 100 kW / 136 hp 3 - cylinder petrol engine, MINI Cooper S 5 door with 141 kW / 192 hp 4 - cylinder petrol engine, MINI Cooper D 5 door with 3 - cylinder diesel engine (85 kW / 116 hp) and MINI Cooper SD 5 door featuring new 4 - cylinder diesel engine presented for the first time with an output of 125 kW / 170 hp; 6 - speed manual transmission as standard, 6 - speed Steptronic transmission or Steptronic sports transmission as an optional extra; extensive MINIMALISM technology including auto start / stop function and optional GREEN mode.

In combination with the 1.6 - GDI engine, IONIQ Hybrid offers a system output of 103.6 kW (141 PS) and up to 265 Nm of torque accelerating to a top speed of 185 km / h with targeted CO2 emissions as low as 79 g / km (combined).

Mazda's new SKY - D clean diesel engine offers high fuel economy and output performance as well as low exhaust emissions.

As for the diesel, there's no telling what will happen, but I would expect an increase in horsepower and torque output to go with better emissions and economy as welAs for the diesel, there's no telling what will happen, but I would expect an increase in horsepower and torque output to go with better emissions and economy as welas well.

Piezo injectors are crucial to the CLA 45's impressive output, as well as its emissions management and efficiency.

In combination with the 1.6 - GDI engine IONIQ Hybrid offers a system output of 103.6 kW (141 PS) rpm and up to 265 Nm of torque accelerating to a top speed of up to 185 km / h with targeted CO2 emissions as low as 79g / km (combined).

The modern diesel powerplant assures both clean emissions as well as maximum power output from as little fuel as possible.

The introduction of new TDI and TSI engines, as well as the 7 - speed dual clutch transmission (DSG), has resulted in considerably reduced fuel consumption and emissions over a wide range of engine power outputs.

Wankel engines, due to the amount of power and emissions they create for their displacement, are generally taxed as 1.5 times their stated physical displacement (1.3 litres becomes effectively 2.0, 2.0 becomes effectively 3.0), although actual power outputs are far greater (the 1.3 - litre 13B can produce power comparable to either a 3.0 V6 engine or a turbocharged 2.0 inline - 4 engine, and the 2.0 - litre 20B can produce power comparable to a 3.5 to 3.8 V6 engine or a 4.0 V8 engine).

In recent years, as engine technology has shattered the wall separating power output and emissions compliance, this paradigm is beginning to shift.

Although as emission regulations became tighter, peak power output fell to around 280bhp and performance suffered.

As far as the engine options are concerned, we believe the Range Rover Facelift to carry on the current engines and transmission options with a few updates to the fuel efficiency and emission outputAs far as the engine options are concerned, we believe the Range Rover Facelift to carry on the current engines and transmission options with a few updates to the fuel efficiency and emission outputas the engine options are concerned, we believe the Range Rover Facelift to carry on the current engines and transmission options with a few updates to the fuel efficiency and emission outputs.

The key petrol will be the 1.0 EcoBoost in 84bhp, 99bhp and 123bhp outputs, with CO2 emissions as low as 108g / km.

The CUPRA R also features usefully lower emissions levels than many of its rivals, as its 190 g / km on average make it the most efficient car in its segment with this power output.

Because accurate ignition spark timing is crucial for best power and torque output as well as reduced emissions, the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) continually monitors several engine parameters to determine optimum spark timing for all driving conditions.

In combination with the 1.6 - GDI engine IONIQ Hybrid offers a system output of 103.6 kW (141 PS) and up to 265 Nm of torque accelerating to a top speed of up to 185 km / h with targeted CO2 emissions as low as 79 g / km (combined).

As for the BMW i3S, the car comes with a zero - emission electric motor that is powered by a 33 kWh lithium - ion battery, offering a power output of 181 bhp electric motor which generates peak torque of 269 Nm.

Recall that in their 2001 Third Assessment Report, the IPCC gives a range of temperature increase between 1990 and 2100 of 1.4 and 5.8 ºC based upon the simulated output from 7 different climate models run under 35 different emissions scenarios — each of which the IPCC claimed as having an equal probability of occurrence.

3) That's especially the case in that if you look at the trajectory of Chinese emissions: as solar manufacturing increases to its present output capacity (well in excess, apparently of 50 GW p.a.), emissions increases slow, to the point that carbonactiontracker actually makes the bold statement that:

At a plausible GHG emissions price of $ 50 / t CO2eq under a future US carbon mitigation policy, such co-production systems competing as power suppliers would be able to provide low - GHG - emitting synthetic fuels at the same unit cost as for coal synfuels characterized by ten times the GHG emission rate that are produced in plants having three times the synfuel output capacity and requiring twice the total capital investment.

The additional electrical output per unit of fuel as well as valuable efficiencies in water consumption and emissions should make the latest technology (when viewed over the life of the plant) highly attractive.

The study also found that both BTL - RC - CCS (biomass - to - liquids, with recycling of unconverted syngas to maximize FTL output and CCS) and cellulosic ethanol with CCS (EtOH - CCS) have negative GHGI emission values that can be exploited to offset GHG missions from difficult to decarbonize energy sources such as transportation fuels derived from crude oil.

Aircraft emissions used a time changing pattern from the QUANTIFY B2i emissions scenario (Lee et al. 2010), as the overall pathway for this scenario closely matched the GCAM model output.

What is odd in climate science is a unique situation, never encountered in any other scientific field but in religious congregations: the scientific objective as well as the interpretation of research output has been put in the hands of a panel of experts, the IPCC, under an official mandate to take care of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.

The models currently assume a generally static global energy budget with relatively little internal system variability so that measurable changes in the various input and output components can only occur from external forcing agents such as changes in the CO2 content of the air caused by human emissions or perhaps temporary after effects from volcanic eruptions, meteorite strikes or significant changes in solar power output.

It adopted a moderate anthro - emissions scenario from AR4 as the AGW input, but set arbitrary constraints on its findings by excluding the greenhouse gas outputs» warming from the assessment of the permafrost's rate of melting, and by assuming that only CO2 was emitted - which allowed the projected future output to be stated in simple carbon tonnage.

Even under these constraints it showed an output of about 1.6 GtC / yr by 2080, which as 100 % CO2 would be about 5.9 GtCO2 / yr and would equal about 17 % of present global anthro - CO2 emissions.

Given that this feedback alone gave that warming input while realized AGW was between ~ 0.4 C and 0.85 C, and given that it is inherently non-linear with increasingly juvenile arctic sea ice being increasingly vulnerable to melting, it seems fairly clear (to me) that as «anthro warming» rises towards ~ 2.4 C the sum of the feedbacks» outputs would inexorably rise to offset our best efforts at Emissions Control.

If one of the inputs increased a tenfold in one year (all volcanoes together...), and the outputs can't cope with that, that would be noticed as an increase of CO2 in the atmosphere, larger than the human emissions alone.

In the United States, the Bush administration's «Clear Skies» proposal requires a decline in carbon emissions per unit of economic output (known as carbon intensity), but not overall carbon emissions.

The term harmonization is defined as a procedure whereby emission outputs from the IAMs are adjusted in such a way that emissions in the reference year are equal to some reference data set (with these adjustments extended into the future, in some manner, to assure smooth data sets).

They concluded that with a bit of help from changes in solar output and natural climatic cycles such as the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the growth in the volume of aerosols being pumped up power station chimneys was probably enough to block the warming effect of rising greenhouse gas emissions over the period 1998 - 2008.