Sentences with phrase «emissions factors»

Despite improvements in some countries, the global CO2 emission factor for energy generation has hardly changed over the last 20 years.

Many standards use emission factors in their prescription and therefore do not impose absolute limits on the emissions.

(8) This finding indicated that samples from earlier time periods could be combined with more recent samples to derive carbon dioxide emission factors.

Environmental consequences of electricity generation are often determined using average emission factors.

We also explore temporal trends in emissions factors by hour, day, month, and year, as well as the differences that arise from including only fossil generators versus total generation.

Therefore, no data correction was warranted to account for the small effect that coal cleaning had on emission factors.

First are basic emission factors covering the various coal ranks by State of origin.

The team was able to derive new emissions factors based on data from Chinese government programs that analyzed nearly 5000 coal samples taken throughout the country.

We find, for example, that marginal emission factors are generally higher during late - night and early morning compared to afternoons.

If site - specific data are not available, companies should seek a regional or power pool emission factor from a government agency in the host country of the electricity provider.

Data back to 1990 is also revised if new information about emission factors, activity data or calculation methodology is available.

For example, oak pellets would be assigned a particular emissions factor and would be taxed accordingly, regardless of source.

Two types of carbon dioxide emission factors have been developed.

These basic emission factors are considered as «fixed» for the foreseeable future until better data become available.

New emission factors are taken into use, errors in the calculations are corrected, and other improvements in the emission model are implemented.

Since electricity grids rarely follow state borders, regional or power pool emission factors are likely to be more accurate than those calculated by state organizations.

Conversion of German generation data to Specific Carbon Intensity uses emissions factors of 1150g, 900g, 369 g, and 983 g of CO2 per KWh for lignite (brown coal), hard coal, natural gas, and biomass respectively.

To access activity data and implied emission factors for individual Annex I and some non-Annex I Parties

In addition, it includes a mechanism to expand eligible crops and regions based on acceptable submission of peer - reviewed scientific data to justify the adoption of conservative emission factors in the U.S. and internationally.

For electricity usage, emissions factors provided for free include both Generation and Transmission and Distribution (T&D) losses.

«As for all electric vehicles, a grid emission factor of 0.5 g CO2 / Wh was also applied to the electric energy consumption.

With the GM 2.8 L diesel gaining only 2 MPG over the 2.5 L gasoline engine, while adding 440 pounds to its curb weight, the diesel fuel economy gains are not sufficient to offset the higher emission factor for diesel fuel, with the diesel option producing 4 % more CO2 - equivalent emissions over the truck's life - cycle.

Environment Canada determines emission factors (EFs) that measure the CO2e emitted from combusting each type of fuel.

The updated NIR (2011) report did not contain updated emissions factors for road transportation, thus the 2010 values were utilized by Carbonzero (see Table 1 below).

Electricity emissions factors were used from the National Inventory Report Canada (2011): Part 3.

NEC collected or estimated megawatt hour («MWh») generation data for each portfolio project and used region - specific eGRID emissions factors maintained by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to determine the greenhouse gas («GHG») intensity of each MWh offset by its investments.

Among his proudest accomplishments: helping the agency develop a set of numbers called emission factors — values that enable regulators to estimate atmospheric discharges from power plants, oil refineries, chemical plants and other industrial operations.

The EPA, according to its spokesperson, has begun executing a plan to improve the science that underlies emission factors and review the estimates more frequently.

«They use default emissions factors for various types of coals, they have to use various efficiency rates and things like that, and slight tweaks in those has huge impacts when you're talking about hundreds of millions of credits.»

«We then use this updated information to calculate new livestock methane emissions factors for enteric fermentation in cattle, and for manure management in cattle and swine.»

In this paper, the term methodological issues encompasses aspects of statistical data and emission factors as well as algorithms to estimate emissions.

EIA's first reported emission factors by coal rank, published in Electric Power Annual 1990, DOE / EIA -0348 (90)(Washington, DC, January 1992), p. 124, were as follows: anthracite, 209; bituminous coal, 209; subbituminous coal, 219; and lignite, 213.

Grid emissions factors were calculated based on the annual mix of different electricity generating technologies over time.

The (arithmetic) average emission factors obtained from the individual samples (assuming complete combustion)(Table FE4)(10) confirm the long - recognized finding that anthracite emits the largest amount of carbon dioxide per million Btu, followed by lignite, subbituminous coal, and bituminous coal.

See the guidance document for the Purchased Electricity, Heat and Steam Tool (Section III.B) for a detailed hierarchy of preferred emission factor data sources.

The lowest emission factor for subbituminous coal is in Utah (207.1) and the highest is in Alaska (214.0).

«EPA believes it is important to develop emissions factors that are of high quality and reliable,» she wrote.

Emissions only included fuel emissions, with diesel emissions factors calculated from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines.

To help address this problem, Smith et al. calculated peatland emission factors in the field.

Natural gas variables determined include the superior calorific value required for energy billing and the CO2 emission factor, which is calculated from an analysis of the natural gas for emissions trading purposes.

In this study, we created new per - animal emissions factors — that is measures of the average amount of CH4 discharged by animals into the atmosphere — and new estimates of global livestock methane emissions.»

The authors re-evaluated the data used to calculate IPCC 2006 CH4 emission factors resulting from enteric fermentation in dairy cows and other cattle, and manure management from dairy cows, other cattle and swine.

A study begun by the City of Houston and the EPA in 2010 showed levels of benzene wafting from one Shell tank were 448 times higher than what the relevant emission factor had predicted.

Carman and other advocates say they understand emission factors will have to be used in some circumstances, and that some types of pollution can be estimated with reasonable accuracy.

Whereas emission factors are recognized as crucial tools in understanding air quality and underpinning inventories, they tend to be forgotten.

The study showed reliance on emission factors alone is a bad idea, Cohan says.

«We believe the status of emission factor development... is a significant weakness that impedes achievement of major air program goals,» the IG wrote in a 1996 report.