Sentences with phrase «emissions fluxes»

The link of surface emission flux to the kinetic energy of the atmosphere only is by assertion and fails on close examination.

The first was captured by including a typical average emission flux for DMS of 10 μmol S m − 2 d − 1 in the summer months (10) in the model cells that encompass the coastal waters.

Starting in the 1960's at the Mt. Wilson Observatory O.C. Wilson (sic) began a long - term study of magnetic cycles in cool stars using as his observational indicator the variable emission flux of the H and K resonance lines of ionized calcium whose appearance in emission is characteristic of stellar chromospheres.

Changes in the atmospheric concentration scale more - or-less with changes in the chronic emission flux, so unless these sources suddenly increase by an order of magnitude or more, they won't dominate the atmospheric concentration of methane, or its climate impact.

To quantify methane emission fluxes, the researchers plugged their data into a simple box model of the atmospheric methane cycle.

Because emission flux measurements were not possible at the time for OSCs, we chose to estimate fluxes of OSCs from agricultural activities in the SoCAB by simultaneously measuring OSC and NH3 ambient concentrations adjacent to a cattle feedlot in Chino, California (SI Appendix, sections 1 and 2) before dawn to avoid photochemistry.

An updated climatology of surface dimethylsulfide concentrations and emission fluxes in the global ocean

Applying these to the nine model cells with agricultural activities around the Chino area yields emission fluxes of NH3, DMS, and DMDS of 31, 0.24, and 5.8 × 10 − 3 μmol m − 2 d − 1, respectively.

Fluxes for the OSCs were then estimated using the ratio of the measured concentrations in air to those of NH3, whose emission fluxes are included in the base case of the model as indicated in SI Appendix, section 1 and Fig.

(b) Sources (S1 to S10) and typical depositional areas (D1 and D2) for Asian dust indicated by spring average dust emission flux (kg km — 2 per month) averaged over 1960 to 2002.

Continuous methane observations from four stations are combined with a high - resolution transport model to quantify the regional average emission flux, 18.5 ± 3.7 (95 % confidence interval) g CH4 ⋅ m − 2 ⋅ y − 1.

Methane is a short - lived gas in the atmosphere, so to make it rise, the emission flux has to continually increase.

«In addition, we are currently developing a method that also allows for high - precision hydrogen isotopic measurements on methane in ice cores, which will further improve our emission flux constraints,» revealed Fischer.