Sentences with phrase «emissions in any given year»

-- The combined quantity of term offset credits and domestic offset credits used by a covered entity to demonstrate compliance for its emissions or attributable greenhouse gas emissions in any given year shall not exceed the quantity of domestic offset credits that a covered entity is entitled to use for that year to demonstrate compliance in accordance with paragraph (1).

They respond primarily to the emissions in any given year, so reducing these emissions only gives a one - time fixed climate benefit.

-- The combined quantity of term offset credits and domestic offset credits used by a covered entity to demonstrate compliance for its emissions or attributable greenhouse gas emissions in any given year shall not exceed the quantity of domestic offset credits that a covered entity is entitled to use for that year to demonstrate compliance in accordance with paragraph (1).

For a given peak rate of warming, and hence for a given peak emissions rate, pathways with a lower cumulative total or lower emissions in a given year must have a faster rate of decline after the peak.

This «social and economic value of carbon» can be represented as the net present value of economic, social and environmental damages avoided by removing or preventing carbon dioxide emissions in a given year.

The SCC is an estimate of the monetized damages associated with an incremental increase in carbon emissions in a given year.

This work builds upon the Social Cost of Carbon (SCC), a widely used methodology for valuation of the estimated damages associated with an incremental increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in a given year.

Not exact matches

Facing a tide of municipal anti-drive-thru ordinances, TDL commissioned a study last year from RWDI consultants, based in Guelph, Ont., comparing total emissions given off by customers» cars that use drive - thrus and those that use parking lots.

The report accepts minister's efforts to include aviation in the EU emissions trading scheme, where firms would be given a certain allocation of carbon credits to buy and sell on the open market, but warns this is still «years away».

«There are a lot of unpredictable factors that affect where your emissions land in a given year, so that flexibility matters.»

Emissions in China are expected to rise for years, given the importance China's political elite continue to place on economic growth.

He also said the United States should provide emissions credits and tax cuts to industries that reduce emissions early, make binding pledges to reduce its own greenhouse gas emissions early in the next century, and give a $ 5 billion boost over the next 5 years to research and development aimed at using energy more efficiently.

A few of the main points of the third assessment report issued in 2001 include: An increasing body of observations gives a collective picture of a warming world and other changes in the climate system; emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols due to human activities continue to alter the atmosphere in ways that are expected to affect the climate; confidence in the ability of models to project future climate has increased; and there is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.

The researchers» estimate of annual emissions from wells undergoing completion, 18,000 tons per year, is also roughly 97 % less than the estimate given in 2011 by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

In 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act, Congress gave the agency six months to make sure all emissions contributing to ozone formation were assigned up - to - date, accurate factors, and directed the EPA to review the numbers every three years thereafter.

Indeed, using different official sources of activity data and emissions factors can result in estimates that vary by up to 40 per cent in a given year.

Sub-Saharan Africa, who in the worst - case over the next 40 years would be 4 percent of greenhouse gas emissions, you can give them a pass and say, «Hey, any way that you guys can get energy, if it's natural gas, coal, gasoline, you know, whatever you want.

But in recent years, using X-ray emissions as a measure of heat given off by powerful gravitational forces, they unexpectedly found that most SMBH accrete matter at very low levels.

-- In directing the provision of emission allowances under this subsection during the years 2012 through 2017, the Secretary shall give preference to applications for projects that save the maximum number of gallons of fuel.

-- The percentage referred to in subparagraph (A) for a given calendar year shall be determined by dividing 2 billion by the sum of 2 billion plus the number of emission allowances established under section 721 (a) for the previous year, and multiplying that number by 100.

According to the model, the reduction of SO2 emissions in Europe in the past 10 years must give a 5 - 6 K increase in temperature at some places there.

Neutered two years ago from the collapse of new - vehicle sales amid a foundering economy, auto makers dropped their historically combative stance over stricter rules and gave over to an historic hike in CAFE in return for a single national tailpipe emissions standard.

The 1971 model had a respectable 315 hp (235 kW), but that was reduced to a mere 205 hp (153 kW) by the 1976 model year; increasingly stringent exhaust emission limits reduced engine output, and an industry - wide 1972 change in rating systems reduced the horsepower numbers produced by any given engine.

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As an example of the possible extreme change in radiative forcing in a 50 - year time horizon for Isaken et al (2011)'s 4 x CH4 (i.e. quadrupling the current atmospheric methane burden) case of additional emission of 0.80 GtCH4 / yr is 2.2 Wm - 2, and as the radiative forcing for the current methane emissions of 0.54 GtCH4 / yr is 0.48 Wm - 2, this give an updated GWP for methane, assuming the occurrence of Isaksen et al's 4 x CH4 case in 2040, would be: 33 (per Shindell et al 2009, note that AR5 gives a value of 34) times (2.2 / [0.8 + 0.48]-RRB- divided by (0.54 / 0.48) = 50.

In addition, in Table 1 of the referenced source, only about 50 % of the estimated emissions from fossil fuels over the nearly 200 year period from 1800 to 1994 (given in petragrams Pg) is taken up by the oceans, disregarding estimated and highly uncertain source emissions from land usIn addition, in Table 1 of the referenced source, only about 50 % of the estimated emissions from fossil fuels over the nearly 200 year period from 1800 to 1994 (given in petragrams Pg) is taken up by the oceans, disregarding estimated and highly uncertain source emissions from land usin Table 1 of the referenced source, only about 50 % of the estimated emissions from fossil fuels over the nearly 200 year period from 1800 to 1994 (given in petragrams Pg) is taken up by the oceans, disregarding estimated and highly uncertain source emissions from land usin petragrams Pg) is taken up by the oceans, disregarding estimated and highly uncertain source emissions from land use.

It gives rising emissions for the next ~ 40 years, gets back to current emissions in ~ 2080, and declines from there.

In some ways, the choice is apt, given the importance of Asia in coming years, both as the dominant source of growth in greenhouse gas emissions (India in particular) and as a rising force in energy research and innovation (South Korea, China and JapanIn some ways, the choice is apt, given the importance of Asia in coming years, both as the dominant source of growth in greenhouse gas emissions (India in particular) and as a rising force in energy research and innovation (South Korea, China and Japanin coming years, both as the dominant source of growth in greenhouse gas emissions (India in particular) and as a rising force in energy research and innovation (South Korea, China and Japanin greenhouse gas emissions (India in particular) and as a rising force in energy research and innovation (South Korea, China and Japanin particular) and as a rising force in energy research and innovation (South Korea, China and Japanin energy research and innovation (South Korea, China and Japan).

Rate of percentage annual growth for carbon dioxide has certainly increased since the beginning of the 21st century, but this should result in a significant change in the rate of warming any more quickly than the differences between emission scenarios would, and there (according to the models) the differences aren't significant for the first thirty - some years but progressively become more pronounced from then on — given the cummulative effects of accumulated carbon dioxide.

On the «controlling - emissions - is - silly» side, I know I've read arguments in the media that we're only increasing the amount of CO2 (a natural compound, afterall) insignificantly in any given year.

1) Stopping emissions completely in 2002 gives values of 320 ppm in 2050 and 297 in 2100, which is a decimation of already 82 % in 98 years.

The goal five years ago was to build momentum to «seal the deal» on a binding climate treaty — a fruitless task given the divisions among the world's nations — while this conclave was centered on a more modest, but more concrete, achievement — «to raise political momentum for a meaningful universal climate agreement [notice there's no mention of the word «binding»] in Paris in 2015 and to galvanize transformative action in all countries to reduce emissions and build resilience to the adverse impacts of climate change.»

# 123 The key is in the next sentence in the paragraph which gives the context for the figure: «To put these emissions in perspective, the amount of carbon taken up by vegetation is about 2.6 Pg per year.

Thus, the concept of an emissions budget is very useful to get the message across that the amount of CO2 that we can still emit in total (not per year) is limited if we want to stabilise global temperature at a given level, so any delay in reducing emissions can be detrimental — especially if we cross tipping points in the climate system, e.g trigger the complete loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet.

However even the moderate scenarios which have eventual stabilisation give more warming than 0.8 C. Even in the extremely unlikely event that there is no further growth in emissions, the current planetary energy imbalance (estimated to be almost 1W / m2)(due to the ocean thermal inertia) implies that there is around 0.5 C extra warming already in the pipeline that will be realised over the next 20 to 30 years.

In addressing greenhouse gas emissions, the question will be how much focus Obama should put on legislative initiatives (probably not much, again given other priorities and structural blockades in the Senate), on diplomacy (the climate treaty process will mostly be «soft» diplomacy for years to come), on targeted spending and administrative moves (a lot of potential), and on basic leadership (vast untested potentialIn addressing greenhouse gas emissions, the question will be how much focus Obama should put on legislative initiatives (probably not much, again given other priorities and structural blockades in the Senate), on diplomacy (the climate treaty process will mostly be «soft» diplomacy for years to come), on targeted spending and administrative moves (a lot of potential), and on basic leadership (vast untested potentialin the Senate), on diplomacy (the climate treaty process will mostly be «soft» diplomacy for years to come), on targeted spending and administrative moves (a lot of potential), and on basic leadership (vast untested potential).

Not surprisingly, given the depth of the recession, emissions of carbon dioxide from fuel burning in the United States declined 2.8 percent last year, the biggest annual drop since the early 1980's, according to a preliminary estimate released by the Energy Department on Wednesday.

Given global greenhouse gas emissions of around 35 trillion metric tons per year, that suggests there won't be any Arctic sea ice in September by mid-century.

Thus if my formula holds, there is no conflict at all, and a 0.8 °C cooling during the LIA gives a drop of about 6 ppmv (which is observed in the ice cores, with a 50 years lag), the increase of 1 °C in the period 1850 - current gives ~ 8 ppmv increase, the rest is from the emissions, which nicely fit the curve with an incredible straightforward ratio:

When asked now, he repeats what he said on the ABC's Q&A program last year, that «emissions trading schemes have worked better in theory than in practice» and that Direct Action should be given a chance to work.

Two countries with the same Responsibility and Capacity Index (or RCI) and thus the same mitigation obligation would have different emission allocations in a given year — say 2020 — if they had different BAU emissions projections for that year.

But it's pretty edgy, given 10:10's aim of asking people, businesses and organisations to take positive action against global warming by cutting their greenhouse gas emissions by 10 % in a year, and thereby pressuring governments to act.

Given that decline, environmentalists lobbied the administration for cuts relative to a more recent baselines year, when emissions were lower than in 2005, because that would represent a greater total reduction.

In 2006, the European Union (EU), which consists of 27 members, committed to reducing its global warming emissions by at least 20 percent of 1990 levels by 2020, to consuming 20 percent of its energy from renewable sources by 2020, and to reducing its primary energy use by 20 percent from projected levels through increased energy efficiency.1 The EU has also committed to spending $ 375 billion a year to cut greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80 percent by 2050 compared to 1990 levels.2 The EU is meeting these goals through binding national commitments which vary depending on the unique situation of a given country but which average out to the overall targets.

By «committed» or «locked in» warming or sea level in a given year, we refer to the long - term effects of cumulative anthropogenic carbon emissions through that year: the sustained temperature increase or SLR that will ensue on a time scale of centuries to millennia in the absence of massive and prolonged future active carbon removal from the atmosphere.

When it was pointed out how radical it was to advocate binding caps on emissions given the history of the international climate negotiations, Hu responded philosophically, in reference to his own experience in policy advocacy on various issues over the years:

Today, the European Parliament's Environment Committee voted in support of the EU Commission's «Stop - the - Clock» proposal which derogates flights to and from Europe from the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) for one year to give enough time to negotiate a global agreement for addressing emissions from international aviation by autumnEmissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) for one year to give enough time to negotiate a global agreement for addressing emissions from international aviation by autumnemissions from international aviation by autumn 2013....

«Ten years after it was required to set standards for cement kilns, EPA finally got around to requesting basic information related to mercury emissions from nine of the major cement kiln companies operating in the U.S. EPA claims that it will use this information to finally propose mercury standards for cement kilns sometime in the summer or fall of 2008, but confidence in that timeline is low given all of the agency's stalling to date.

This data from British Columbia, which shows the carbon tax has failed the reduce carbon emissions in the ten years since it was implemented, gives little reason to believe a carbon tax would curb emissions in the U.S. or elsewhere.