Sentences with phrase «emissions model in»

This paper examines the benefits and challenges related to mobile source emissions modeling in a GIS framework and identifies future GIS mobile emissions modeling research needs.

The second diesel model in the range, the BMW 730d, underlines its status as the world's most economical and lowest emission model in the luxury class by a further reduction in both fuel consumption and CO2 emissions as well as optionally available BMW BluePerformance Technology.

Not exact matches

The EPA with cooperation from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and California Air Resources Board established in 2010 a single national program of greenhouse gas emissions standards for model year 2012 - 2025 vehicles.

Andrew Weaver, who holds the Canada Research Chair in climate modelling and analysis, says when it comes to saving energy and cutting carbon emissions, it's not enough to provide people subsidies on retrofits or other upgrades.

Tesla suggests that CO2 emissions in gas cars are much higher when compared to the Model S.

In addition, this ECIP describes the requirements associated with maintaining this emission schedule through a potential change of the network's consensus algorithm, from its current Ethash based Proof of Work to a possible POS or POW / POS hybrid model.»

It modeled the implications for the company of a requirement for emissions to decline to levels consistent with a so - called «2 °C world» after 2030 and also looked at a number of alternative scenarios based on divergent ranges in global growth and trade, geopolitics, technological innovation and responses to climate change.

Each «creature» in his model is given the characteristic corresponding to the emission of a chemical substance while also following the gradient of this chemical substance.

This extensive system of agriculture results in a more natural, welfare - friendly model of farming which has benefits both in terms of carbon emissions and sequestration.

AG Eric Schneiderman today joined a coalition of 17 attorneys general in suing the EPA to preserve the greenhouse gas emission standards currently in place for model year 2022 - 2025 vehicles.

The conclusions, in a report by the UK Energy Research Centre, are based on modelling the likely shape of the energy sector in 2050 when greenhouse emissions will need to have fallen by 80 % on 1990's level.

The team analyzes patient - specific data from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), x-ray computed tomography (CT), biopsies and other factors, in order to develop their computational model.

This series of new computer models is the first step toward the design of cheaper, more efficient amine chemicals for capturing carbon dioxide — and reducing harmful CO2 emissions — in industrial installations.

The long timescale of the gamma - ray emission, while unexpected in both models, might be possible in a merger event if we observe the merger from the side, in an off - axis scenario.»

The data is important for climate change models, since the emissions released by thawing permafrost could significantly affect levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

«Where this model really shines is explaining the late emission,» says Chris Fryer of Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico — one of the physicists who first proposed the burrowing black hole theory in the 1990s.

The Science study finds that this is most likely because the models underestimate the atmospheric warming in the Arctic that is induced by a given carbon - dioxide emission.

Over the past forty years, the ice cover in summer has shrunk by more than half, with climate model simulations predicting that the remaining half might be gone by mid-century unless greenhouse gas emissions are reduced rapidly.

New results challenge the existing paradigm that late model diesel cars are associated, in general, with far higher PM emission rates.

Prior to the earthquake and tsunami, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency had modeled a 54 percent reduction in carbon dioxide emissions from 2000 levels by 2050, and a 90 percent reduction by 2100, with nuclear energy accounting for upwards of 60 percent of the country's total energy mix.

If FutureGen can successfully sequester its emissions, it could be a model for clean energy in the future.

Three approaches were used to evaluate the outstanding «carbon budget» (the total amount of CO2 emissions compatible with a given global average warming) for 1.5 °C: re-assessing the evidence provided by complex Earth System Models, new experiments with an intermediate - complexity model, and evaluating the implications of current ranges of uncertainty in climate system properties using a simple model.

He also models the global warming that would occur if concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere were to be doubled (due to increases in carbon dioxide and methane emissions from dragons and the excessive use of wildfire).

In the MERGE model's calculations, the 80 percent reduction in climate emissions by 2050 is fixed as a requiremenIn the MERGE model's calculations, the 80 percent reduction in climate emissions by 2050 is fixed as a requiremenin climate emissions by 2050 is fixed as a requirement.

When the team combined OCO - 2 data from selected passes over certain power plants in the United States with computer models of how emissions plumes would disperse, its estimates of those plants» emissions fell within 17 % of the actual amounts those facilities reported for those days, the researchers report this week in Geophysical Research Letters.

A long - term rise in temperatures due to greenhouse gas emissions made the hot weather 20 times more likely, modelling suggests.

About 80 percent of the 23 climate models used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predict some degree of drought in the Amazon if greenhouse gas emissions keep climbing, he said.

Udall and Overpeck found all current climate models agree that temperatures in the Colorado River Basin will continue rising if the emission of greenhouse gases is not curbed.

They are running two sets of climate models, one with and one without the effects of humanity's greenhouse gas emissions, to see whether drought in east Africa becomes more likely in a warming world.

Surprisingly, the model indicated that CO2 levels dropped off slightly from west to east across North America — even though fossil fuel emissions should boost levels in the east.

To produce visualizations that show temperature and precipitation changes similar to those included in the IPCC report, the NASA Center for Climate Simulation calculated average temperature and precipitation changes from models that ran the four different emissions scenarios.

In most model scenarios, simply cutting emissions isn't enough.

So to find out if plug - ins really do reduce overall emissions of CO2, researchers at NRDC and EPRI used a computer model to project the overall emissions from the cars and the power plants.

This time, no return to cooler period Tim Barnett, a climatologist at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, said the new results appear to agree with his earlier work that used climate models to show humans» greenhouse gas emissions have contributed to declining snowpack in the western United States.

James Hansen, director of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York City and a vociferous advocate for lowering global greenhouse gas emissions, was chosen for his work modeling Earth's climate, predicting global warming, and warning the world about the consequences.

According now to two separate modeling analyses published in Science, this error would lead to the loss of most of the world's natural forest because clearing those forests for bioenergy becomes one of the cost - effective means of complying with laws to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Traditionally, the United States and other countries have used satellites to measure emissions in a general way, to be used in global climate models.

In his new paper, Lovejoy applies the same approach to the 15 - year period after 1998, during which globally averaged temperatures remained high by historical standards, but were somewhat below most predictions generated by the complex computer models used by scientists to estimate the effects of greenhouse - gas emissions.

A few of the main points of the third assessment report issued in 2001 include: An increasing body of observations gives a collective picture of a warming world and other changes in the climate system; emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols due to human activities continue to alter the atmosphere in ways that are expected to affect the climate; confidence in the ability of models to project future climate has increased; and there is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.

«When we first detected this signal in our data, we relied on models for Galactic dust emission that were available at the time,» says John Kovac, a principal investigator of BICEP2 at the Harvard - Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the ESA press release.

Through extensive modeling of stratospheric chemistry, the team found that calcite, a constituent of limestone, could counter ozone loss by neutralizing emissions - borne acids in the atmosphere, while also reflecting light and cooling the planet.

The models also include the greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants that result from these processes, and they incorporate all of that information within a global climate model that simulates the physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere, as well as in freshwater and ocean systems.

The modeling also highlights that, under this scenario, developing nations will produce a big portion of global annual emissions in the future.

Swapping out coal for natural gas in a simple model would cut greenhouse gas emissions, a result many people expected to see.

They did so by adding the extra emissions to an existing model used in the UK government's 2006 Stern Review, designed to assess the economic cost of coping with climate change between now and 2200.

«Regional changes are mostly due to natural variability but on top of that we see this pronounced overall weakening in summer storm activity,» says co-author Dim Coumou, «This is also something projected by climate models under future emission scenarios.

However, new modeling by researchers at Caltech and Harvard University suggests that methane emissions might not have increased dramatically in 2007 after all.

They've been hampered by limited carbon dioxide measurements in cornfields, by the fact that annual carbon losses are comparatively small and difficult to measure, and the lack of a proven model to estimate carbon dioxide emissions that could be coupled with a geospatial analysis.

Rather than using complex computer models to estimate the effects of greenhouse - gas emissions, Lovejoy examines historical data to assess the competing hypothesis: that warming over the past century is due to natural long - term variations in temperature.

If only modest action is taken to reign in greenhouse gas emissions, the model predicts that pikas will disappear from about 75 percent of sites by 2070 (51 to 88 percent, depending on the global climate model used).