Sentences with phrase «emissions models across»

Hyundai will introduce 31 new low emissions models across the Hyundai and

Not exact matches

That information can then be plugged into atmospheric models to calculate cumulative emissions across larger areas, says Steve Wofsy, an atmospheric scientist at Harvard who is working on the project.

Surprisingly, the model indicated that CO2 levels dropped off slightly from west to east across North America — even though fossil fuel emissions should boost levels in the east.

And when compared with a 1000 - year reconstruction of past droughts based on more than 1800 tree - ring chronologies collected across the continent, droughts forecast by nearly every one of those models are «unprecedented,» even if CO2 emissions are dramatically reduced, researchers say.

Satellite images and atmospheric models such as these have helped Jaffe demonstrate how mercury and other emissions from China feed into a complex network of air currents that distribute pollutants across the globe.

The inset map is a computer model of Asian mercury emissions across the Pacific Ocean at an altitude of 20,000 feet in April 2004, while atmospheric chemist Dan Jaffe was picking up significant mercury readings on Mount Bachelor (the highest concentrations are in red).

When this model was then applied to the future, they found that in a world of continuing high greenhouse gas emissions, the threshold for widespread drought - induced vascular damage would be crossed and initiate widespread tree deaths on average across climate model projections in the 2050s.

O'Gorman studied daily snowfall across the Northern Hemisphere using 20 different climate models, each of which projected climate change over a 100 - year period, given certain levels of greenhouse gas emissions.

The Met Office Hadley Centre (Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research) climate change model, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thanmodel, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thanModel, version 3 (HadCM3)[53], a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater thanmodel, was used for the time intervals 2020, 2050 and 2080 (note these date represent a time windows of ten years either side of the time interval date, i.e. 2020 is an average of the years 2010 — 2029, 2050 for 2040 — 2059 and 2080 for 2070 — 2089), under three emission scenarios of the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater Emissions Scenarios (SRES)[54]: scenario A1B (maximum energy requirements; emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater emissions differentiated dependent on fuel sources; balance across sources), A2A (high energy requirements; emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater emissions less than A1 / Fl) and B2A (lower energy requirements; emissions greater emissions greater than B1).

CO2 emissions are said to be improved by 10 per cent across the range, through a combination of these new drivetrains and weight reductions of up to 88 kg model for model.

«Our biggest concern is that the consumer may be confused about which emissions standard to believe — the (real - world) non-mandated one which can not be reliably repeated, or the one which is government - mandated, conducted in controlled conditions, under very strict protocols, and is replicable time and again across different brands and models,» he says in a statement.

Across the range, acceleration times for the 0 - 60mph dash start from sub - 5.0 seconds, while fuel consumption is cut by up to 24 percent - depending on model - and CO2 emissions start as low as 194g / km.

Strengths of this model include luxury options, excellent powertrain warranty, available Uconnect technology, tow ratings up to 30,000 pounds, Best - in - class features across multiple categories, and impressive powertrain offerings, 6 Speakers, Black Side Windows Trim And Black Front Windshield Trim, Clearcoat Paint, Full - Size Spare Tire Stored Underbody W / Crankdown, Variable Intermittent Wipers, Fully Galvanized Steel Panels, Black Front Bumper W / 2 Tow Hooks, Fully Automatic Aero - Composite Halogen Headlamps W / Delay - Off, Wheels: 18 X 8.0 Steel, Deep Tinted Glass, Steel Spare Wheel, Front Bumper Sight Shields, Interior Trim - Inc: Deluxe Sound Insulation, Metal - Look Instrument Panel Insert, Chrome And Metal - Look Interior Accents, Manual Adjustable Front Head Restraints And Manual Adjustable Rear Head Restraints, Systems Monitor, Cruise Control W / Steering Wheel Controls, Manual Tilt Steering Column, 40/20/40 Split Bench Seat, 4 - Way Passenger Seat - Inc: Manual Recline And Fore / Aft Movement, Power Door Locks W / Autolock Feature, Manual Air Conditioning, Full Cloth Headliner, Engine: 5.7 L V8 Hemi Vvt, Part - Time Four - Wheel Drive, Auto Locking Hubs, 730Cca Maintenance - Free Battery W / Run Down Protection, Single Stainless Steel Exhaust, Front Anti-Roll Bar, Multi-Link Front Suspension W / Coil Springs, 4390 # Maximum Payload, 50 State Emissions, Gvwr: 11, 300 Lbs, Transmission: 6 - Speed Automatic 66Rfe, Mechanical Limited Slip Differential, Class V Towing W / Harness, Hitch And Trailer Sway Control, Leaf Rear Suspension W / Leaf Springs, Manual Transfer Case, 3.73 Rear Axle Ratio, Hd Shock Absorbers, Electronically Controlled Throttle, 32 Gal.

The most fuel - efficient model will return more than 55mpg and emissions across the board aren't as big as you might think.

Across the range, acceleration times for the 0 - 60mph dash start from 5 seconds, while fuel consumption is cut by up to 24 percent — depending on model — and CO2 emissions start as low as 194g / km.

October 21, 2010, Auburn Hills, Mich. — Improved fuel efficiency, more power and reduced emissions, all hallmarks of the new Pentastar V - 6 engine, will soon be available across 13 models from Chrysler Group LLC.

In several builds across its 2.5 i and 3.6 R trims, including Premium and Limited with 2.5 - and 3.6 - liter, 4 - cylinder and 6 - cylinder engine options, select 4 - cylinder iterations even built to Partial Zero - Emissions Vehicle standards, 2018 Outback is, from the start, designed to excel atop diverse terrain while remaining a model of fuel economy.

As a result of Toyota Optimal Drive technology, the Auris will be the first Toyota to comply with Euro 5 emission standards across the entire European model range by July 2010.

Bentley's engineering team has also focused on enhancing efficiency, and the power and torque increases for the new GT Speed are accompanied by an improvement of up to 12 % in fuel economy, range and CO2 emissions across the two - door model range.

As a result of Hybrid Synergy Drive and Toyota Optimal Drive technology, the Toyota Auris will be the first Toyota to comply with Euro 5 emission standards across the entire model range by July 2010.

As a result of Toyota Optimal Drive technology, the Toyota Auris will be the first Toyota to comply with Euro 5 emission standards across the entire European model range by July 2010.

The application of Toyota Optimal Drive across the Toyota Auris range in 2009 has already effected a significant improvement in the model's environmental performance, lowering CO2 emissions to segmentbest levels.

BMW says the fuel consumption and emissions on the MINI have been reduced by up to 27 percent compared to the outgoing model, with fuel consumption promised at 80 mpg (34 km / l) and an impressive 92 g / km emissions from the Cooper D. All the three engines will come with a 6 - speed manual gearbox as standard, while a 6 - speed automatic will be optional across the range.

The SkyShares model enables users to relate a target limit for temperature change to a global emissions ceiling; to allocate this emissions budget across countries using different policy rules; and then uses estimated marginal abatement costs to calculate the costs faced by each country of decarbonising to meet its emissions budget, with the costs for each country depending in part on whether and how much carbon trading is allowed.

Cumulative energy and industrial CO2 emissions, as well as the time path of emissions, vary across models (Fig. 10c).

2: Our Changing Climate, Key Message 5).2 Regional climate models (RCMs) using the same emissions scenario also project increased spring precipitation (9 % in 2041 - 2062 relative to 1979 - 2000) and decreased summer precipitation (by an average of about 8 % in 2041 - 2062 relative to 1979 - 2000) particularly in the southern portions of the Midwest.12 Increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation are projected across the entire region in both GCM and RCM simulations (Figure 18.6), and these increases are generally larger than the projected changes in average precipitation.12, 2

The relatively small changes in the N2O emissions across regions and scenarios are explained, in part, by a limited capacity of the SRES models to capture drastic shifts in technologies and practices (e.g., new catalytic converters or new manure management systems) that directly impact emission levels.

The underlying integrated assessment model outputs for land use, atmospheric emissions and concentration data were harmonized across models and scenarios to ensure consistency with historical observations while preserving individual scenario trends.

CH4 emissions across the six models used to generate the SRES scenarios for 1990 range between 298 and 337 MtCH4.

For the first time, [our] technology - rich modelling expands the time horizon to 2060 and reveals a possible although very challenging pathway to net - zero carbon emissions across the energy sector.»

Compared to emission modeling, definitions of relevant variables and base year data differ more greatly across the IAMs for the land use components.

«The NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX - GDDP) dataset is comprised of downscaled climate scenarios for the globe that are derived from the General Circulation Model (GCM) runs conducted under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and across two of the four greenhouse gas emissions scenarios known as Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs).

However, there remains uncertainty in the rate of sea ice loss, with the models that most accurately project historical sea ice trends currently suggesting nearly ice - free conditions sometime between 2021 and 2043 (median 2035).12 Uncertainty across all models stems from a combination of large differences in projections among different climate models, natural climate variability, and uncertainty about future rates of fossil fuel emissions.

Model calculations of the abundances of the primary greenhouse gases by year 2100 vary considerably across the SRES scenarios: in general A1B, A1T, and B1 have the smallest increases of emissions and burdens; and A1FI and A2 the largest.

Method: We used consistent climate — air - quality — health modeling framework across three geographical scales (World, Europe and Ile - de-France) to assess future (2030 — 2050) health impacts of ozone and PM2.5 under two emissions scenarios (Current Legislation Emissions, CLE, and Maximum Feasible Reductioemissions scenarios (Current Legislation Emissions, CLE, and Maximum Feasible ReductioEmissions, CLE, and Maximum Feasible Reductions, MFR).

Integrated assessment modeling from the Global Carbon Project shows negative emissions prevalent across climate scenarios.

Early climate models hinted that intentional iron fertilization across the entire southern Ocean could erase 1 billion to 2 billion tons of carbon emissions each year — 10 to 25 percent of the world's annual total.

Pre-TAR AOGCM results held at the DDC were included in a model intercomparison across the four SRES emissions scenarios (B1, B2, A2, and A1FI) of seasonal mean temperature and precipitation change for thirty - two world regions (Ruosteenoja et al., 2003).9 The inter-model range of changes by the end of the 21st century is summarised in Figure 2.6 for the A2 scenario, expressed as rates of change per century.

Model - average mean local precipitation responses also roughly scale with the global mean temperature response across the emissions scenarios, though not as well as for temperature.

More elaborate and extensive modelling designs have facilitated the exploration of multiple uncertainties (across different RCMs, AOGCMs, and emissions scenarios) and how those uncertainties affect impacts.

The wide range is largely a result of differences in emissions of non-CO2 greenhouse gases, such as methane and nitrous oxide, which vary by a factor of between two and three across the models by 2100.

At the current rate of emissions, this would allow roughly six years until the entire 1.5 C budget is exhausted, with a range of zero to 11 years across all the models.