The approach has successfully reduced
the emissions of acid rain causing pollutants through a program established in the 1990 Clean Air Act.
The study authors suggest that this is most likely due to increased
emissions of acid rain precursors and, consequently, some increased scrubbing of ammonia from the atmosphere.
Not exact matches
While U.S. power plants have limits on other air - born pollutants — like nitrogen and sulfur oxides that cause
acid rain — there haven't been limits, until now, on the levels
of carbon dioxide
emissions that power plants can emit.
In the 1970s, AOERP had concerns about the impact
of sulphur oxide
emissions and the resulting
acid rain on lakes in the tar sands area in northeastern Alberta.
Granted, there are more benefits to reducing particulate and greenhouse gas
emissions than just climate change, i.e. PM 2.5 which can be stuck in the human lung and cause cancer / respiratory issues, SO2 which contributes to
acid rain (we've already eliminated the majority
of this problem), as well as soot (nobody wants the surrounding area covered in ash).
The Golden State is at the vanguard in the United States in reducing auto
emissions of nitrogen oxide gases, which help produce toxic smog and
acid rain.
Coal may get cleaner as pollution controls minimize the
emissions that cause
acid rain and smog as well as cut the greenhouse gases changing the climate, but there are still plenty
of leftovers from coal burning: toxic ash, mercury and other issues.
Coal, meanwhile, is believed responsible for a host
of more quotidian problems, such as mining accidents,
acid rain and greenhouse gas
emissions.
The researchers then linked the healthcare - related
emissions to specific environmental and health outcomes, including global warming; ozone depletion; respiratory disease from air pollutants; cancer from chemical exposure; and the environmental effects
of acid rain, among others.
Such technology could cut
acid rain — causing sulfur dioxide
emissions by more than 90 percent, smog - forming nitrogen oxides by 75 percent, and — ultimately — capture more than 80 percent
of the CO2 normally produced by combustion, storing it in nearby depleted oil fields by 2015.
Emissions of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide, the main sources
of acid rain pollution, also fell by 38 percent and 14 percent, respectively.
This NASA satellite photo
of East Asia documents a common path for industrial pollutants once they enter the atmosphere; along the way, South Korea and Japan can receive
acid rain resulting from China's sulfate
emissions.
The precursors
of acid rain formation result from both natural sources, such as volcanoes and decaying vegetation, and human - made sources, primarily
emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide resulting from fossil fuel combustion.
That legislation, which Klein calls «the granddaddy
of all
emissions trading markets,» created a cap - and - trade system for utilities to reduce the sulfur - based pollutants that cause
acid rain.
The aim will be to target new cuts in
emissions of the gases that cause
acid rain, to give maximum benefit to the environment.
Government scientists from throughout Europe will meet in Geneva under the UN banner to thrash out a successor to the 1984 agreement, which is known as the ’30 per cent club» because it required nations to cut their
emissions of sulphur dioxide, the main cause
of acid rain, by 30 per cent.
It's been a quarter century since government regulations limiting
emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides from coal - fired power plants began to neutralize the problem
of acid rain, but lakes in the northeastern U.S. and eastern Canada have been sluggish to recover.
This is because British
emissions are a major source
of the
acid rain that falls on the vulnerable areas
of Norway that have been removed from the targets.
The negotiators are meeting to draft a UN agreement for further reductions in
emissions of sulphur dioxide, a prime cause
of acid rain, which is scheduled for signing before the end
of November.
The great - granddaddy
of all
emission markets — the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
Acid Rain Program — «shows how vulnerable such a trade can be to the whims
of government.
In the United States and Europe, sulfur dioxide
emissions have been substantially cut, but only in the last several decades and after the specter
of acid rain gained front - page status.
NOx, which are produced by combustion, such as in fossil fuel vehicles, is one
of the key components
of both smog and
acid rain, and the billboards are said to «reverse the equivalent
of 5,285 vehicles» worth
of NOx
emissions per month.
[Response:
Acid rain, from sulfur
emission, is a bigger deal for the dissolving
of marble statues and acidification
of freshwater lakes in igneous terrains (softwater).
Prior to the 1990 US
acid rain program implementation, American generating stations emitted 24 million tons
of SO2 and current
emissions are about 10.5 million tons.
The acidification
of the ocean is a much longer - term issue than
acid rain, which goes away about two weeks after you reduce sulfur and nitrogen
emissions from smokestacks.
According to the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, the burning
of coal is responsible for 70 percent
of the
emissions of soot that clouds out the sun in so much
of China; 85 percent
of sulfur dioxide, which causes
acid rain and smog; and 67 percent
of nitrogen oxide, a precursor to harmful ground level ozone.
Nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide
emissions contribute to the formation
of acid rain, which inhibits the ability
of fish to survive in ponds and lakes.
In June 1989, President George H. W. Bush proposed the use
of a cap - and - trade system to cut by half sulfur dioxide
emissions from coal - fired power plants and consequent
acid rain.
In the 1980s, tradable - permit systems were used to accomplish the phasedown
of lead in gasoline -(at a savings
of about $ 250 million per year), and to facilitate the phaseout
of ozone - depleting chloroflourocarbons (CFCs); and in the 1990's, tradable permits were used to implement stricter air pollution controls in the Los Angeles metropolitan region, and — most important
of all — a cap - and - trade system was adopted to reduce sulfur dioxide (SO2)
emissions and consequent
acid rain by 50 percent under the Clean Air Act amendments
of 1990 (saving about $ 1 billion per year in abatement costs).
Over months
of contentious debate, while the Waxman - Markey bill and subsequent Senate action were being considered, millions
of Americans were introduced for the first time to the phrase «cap and trade,» a regulatory approach that first came to prominence in the 1990s as the centerpiece
of a national program to address the threat
of acid rain by limiting
emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), primarily from electric power plants.
In Germany in the 1970s, when it was not yet scientifically proven that
acid rain was killing the nation's forests, the government took the precautionary measure
of cutting sulfur dioxide
emissions.
(Sec. 340) Requires the EPA Administrator to report to Congress on an analysis
of the effects
of different carbon dioxide reduction strategies and technologies on the
emissions of mercury, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide, which cause
acid rain, particulate matter, ground level ozone, mercury contamination, and other environmental problems.
Not later than 18 months after the date
of enactment
of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to Congress a report that analyzes the effects
of different carbon dioxide reduction strategies and technologies on the
emissions of mercury, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide, which cause
acid rain, particulate matter, ground level ozone, mercury contamination, and other environmental problems.
For example, the environmental degradation from «
acid rain» caused by high levels
of Sulfur
emissions, the economic impact
of global warming, the health damage to humans from air and water pollution (from particulate matter and mercury), all are measurable with an economic cost to society.
There may have been some objections to other hazards
of coal burning such as particulate
emission, or
acid rain, but that's not the same thing.
Coal - fired power plants are the largest unregulated source
of mercury, a potent neurotoxin, in the U.S.. They're also the major source
of sulfur dioxide
emissions in the U.S. which causes
acid rain, haze in National Parks and Wilderness areas, and fine particulate matter which contributes to lung cancer, heart attacks, and even premature death.
[10] Although new power plants, when equipped with state -
of - the - art pollution controls, have significantly less
of the type
of pollutants that cause
acid rain, fine particulate pollution, and mercury toxicity, no currently proposed plants include any equipment to capture
emissions of carbon dioxide.
But in his book, Dr. Lomborg cites figures from the United States Census Bureau, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the European Environment Agency to show that the rate
of world population growth has actually been dropping sharply since 1964; the level
of international debt decreased slightly from 1984 to 1999; the price
of oil, adjusted for inflation, is half what it was in the early 1980's; and the sulfur
emissions that generate
acid rain (which has turned out to do little if any damage to forests, though some to lakes) have been cut substantially since 1984.
Those truths
of the historic situations regarding CFCs and the ozone hole, tobacco and cancers, and sulfur and nitrogen
emissions and
acid rain bear repeating over and over in contact with the media as an opening gambit in countering the usual septic memes.
The legislation, which is modeled after the successful
acid rain trading program
of the 1990 Clean Air Act, would require a reduction to 2000 carbon dioxide
emission levels by the year 2010, and a reduction to 1990 levels by the year 2016.
The regulations being crafted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), expected to go into force next April and November 2011 in accordance with the Clean Air Act, are part
of a long ratcheting back
of mercury,
acid rain, and smog - forming
emissions from utility smokestacks.
Natural gas generates electricity more efficiently than coal, with half the greenhouse gas
emissions, fewer
acid rain precursors and virtually free
of many other troubling pollutants like mercury and particulates.
Denny is a co-author
of the leading books on the US SO2 and the EU CO2 Allowance Trading Programs, Markets for Clean Air: The US
Acid Rain Program and Pricing Carbon: The European
Emissions Trading Scheme.
In 1980 the U.S. government began what would be a decades - long effort to grapple with the problem
of acid rain caused by sulfur
emissions from coal - fired power stations.
The EPA's seminal achievements over almost 50 years include removing lead from gasoline; reducing
acid rain to improve water quality; reducing second - hand smoke exposure; improving vehicle efficiency and
emission controls; and encouraging a shift to rethinking
of wastes as materials.
The
Acid Rain scare said that emissions of the oxides of sulphur and nitrogen (SOx and NOx) from German and UK coal - fired power stations were enhancing the acidity of rain with resulting «waldsterben» (i.e. forest death) of northern European fore
Rain scare said that
emissions of the oxides
of sulphur and nitrogen (SOx and NOx) from German and UK coal - fired power stations were enhancing the acidity
of rain with resulting «waldsterben» (i.e. forest death) of northern European fore
rain with resulting «waldsterben» (i.e. forest death)
of northern European forests.
Almost 20 years since the signing
of the Clean Air Act
of 1990, the cap - and - trade system continues to let polluters figure out the least expensive way to reduce their
acid rain emissions.
· Clean Air: Other sources
of electricity produce harmful particulate
emissions which contribute to global climate change and
acid rain.
The worsening
of the picture, ironically, is due to a projected cleansing
of the atmosphere in coming decades
of other
emissions from fuel burning that have a cooling influence on climate — specifically the veil
of tiny particles
of sulfates from unfiltered burning
of coal and oil that contribute to smog and
acid rain.
Following the American example with
acid rain, Europe now relies on cap - and - trade to help about 10,000 large industrial plants find the most economical way
of reducing their global warming
emissions.