Emissions of sulfur dioxide from power plants, it turned out, tend to combine with water downwind and produce flora - and wildlife - destroying sulfuric acid.
Gov. GEORGE W. BUSH: With the help of Congress, environmental groups and industry, we will require all power plants to meet clean air standards in order to reduce
emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, mercury and carbon bonoxide - carbon dioxide, within a reasonable period of time.
For example, in 1990, Congress amended the Clean Air Act to limit
emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which are major sources of fine particulates.
They will learn how clean coal technology has reduced
emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and particulate matter, how utility mercury emissions will be cut, and how carbon capture and storage will reduce emissions of carbon dioxide.»
A new report evaluating air pollution trends at the nation's 100 largest electric power producers shows that
emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) have fallen markedly in recent years, but carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions increased and will likely spike in coming years.
Requires the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to: (1) promulgate performance standards (limiting
emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and mercury) for new boilers, integrated gasification combined cycle plants, and combustion turbines; and (2) conduct a comprehensive research and environmental assessment program to enhance understanding of health and environmental effects of particulate matter and mercury and to demonstrate the efficacy of emission reductions under this Act.
The $ 30 million overhaul was made without installing, as required under the New Source Review requirements of the Clean Air Act, the best available technology to minimize
emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides — pollutants that harm human health by contributing to heart attacks, breathing problems, and other health problems, the suit alleges.
Over months of contentious debate, while the Waxman - Markey bill and subsequent Senate action were being considered, millions of Americans were introduced for the first time to the phrase «cap and trade,» a regulatory approach that first came to prominence in the 1990s as the centerpiece of a national program to address the threat of acid rain by limiting
emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), primarily from electric power plants.
The new study, published last week in the journal Environmental Research Letters, showed that
emissions of sulfur dioxide, a common air pollutant released during coal and fossil fuel combustion, increased from 2000 to 2006, after which they started to decline.
While this number is higher than the previous estimate made in the late 1990s based on ground measurements, the new research includes data on more volcanoes, including some that scientists have never visited, and it is still lower than human
emissions of sulfur dioxide pollution levels.
In fact, however, total
emissions of sulfur dioxide were slightly lower in 1970 (15.8 million tons) than in 1980, and total emissions of nitrogen oxides were much lower (3.9 million tons).
An analysis of 27 states found that, on average, summer
emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2) go up by hundreds to thousands of metric tons per degree Celsius increase.
The precursors of acid rain formation result from both natural sources, such as volcanoes and decaying vegetation, and human - made sources, primarily
emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide resulting from fossil fuel combustion.
Altogether, the unreported and underreported sources account for about 12 percent of all human - made
emissions of sulfur dioxide — a discrepancy that can have a large impact on regional air quality, said McLinden.
Fig. 3: The coloured area is where ALMA detected
emission of sulfur dioxide molecules toward G345.4938 +01.4677.
In response, the IPCC added a cooling factor to its models of the atmosphere, consisting of tiny aerosol particles produced by
the emission of sulfur dioxide from electric power plants.
Not exact matches
While U.S. power plants have limits on other air - born pollutants — like nitrogen and
sulfur oxides that cause acid rain — there haven't been limits, until now, on the levels
of carbon
dioxide emissions that power plants can emit.
In any case, our past record
of increased energy use has been accompanied by a seventeen-fold increase in carbon
emissions, a thirteen-fold increase in
sulfur dioxide emissions, and an eightfold increase in lead
emissions to the atmosphere.
To settle a Clean Air Act lawsuit brought by the state attorney general's office, NRG agreed last year to shut down four
of its units at Tonawanda and to reduce its
sulfur dioxide emissions by 80 percent.
Both released harmful
emissions of nitrous oxides and
sulfur dioxide into the air in violation
of air
emission standards.
«When you look at a satellite picture
of sulfur dioxide, you end up with it appearing as hotspots — bull's - eyes, in effect — which makes the estimates
of emissions easier.»
Current,
sulfur dioxide monitoring activities include the use
of emission inventories that are derived from ground - based measurements and factors, such as fuel usage.
Using a new satellite - based method, scientists at NASA, Environment and Climate Change Canada, and two universities have located 39 unreported and major human - made sources
of toxic
sulfur dioxide emissions.
The Dynegy Midwest Generation plant, a coal - burning power plant, had nearly 10,000 tons
of sulfur dioxide emissions in 2010.
Pollution is a concern too: Shipping is responsible for 3 percent
of global carbon
dioxide emissions, similar to the airline industry, along with substantial particulates and
sulfur dioxide.
«These effects include wasted resources, foregone revenue and outsized
emissions of carbon
dioxide as well as local pollutants such as
sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides.
Such technology could cut acid rain — causing
sulfur dioxide emissions by more than 90 percent, smog - forming nitrogen oxides by 75 percent, and — ultimately — capture more than 80 percent
of the CO2 normally produced by combustion, storing it in nearby depleted oil fields by 2015.
Emissions of nitrogen
dioxide and
sulfur dioxide, the main sources
of acid rain pollution, also fell by 38 percent and 14 percent, respectively.
Under that program, power plant owners who installed equipment to scrub the
sulfur dioxide out
of the
emissions from their smokestacks could then sell for a profit any leftover allowances to other polluters unable or unwilling to make the pricey upgrades.
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the process
of manufacturing glass not only contributes its share
of greenhouse gas
emissions but also generates nitrogen oxides,
sulfur dioxide and tiny particulates that can damage lung tissue when breathed in.
Researchers at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, are using already available satellite measurements
of sulfur dioxide (SO2), a main components
of volcanic
emissions, along with the more recent ability to map the location and vertical profiles
of volcanic aerosols.
Many
of his mistakes are big ones: he bungles the issues involving reserves and resources that are critical to his core argument about oil remaining cheap; he drastically misleads his readers about the extent to which
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide
emissions from coal - burning have been reduced; he trivializes the climate - change risks from coals carbon
dioxide emissions by suggesting we know the impacts will be worth only 0.64 cents per kilowatt - hour.
I criticized this statement, noting that the actual
emissions from U.S. coal - burning power plants declined only from 16.1 million tons to 12.4 million tons between 1980 and 1998 in the case
of sulfur dioxide and from 6.1 million tons to 5.4 million tons between 1980 and 1998 in the case
of nitrogen oxides (mostly emitted as NO, not NO2, but by convention measured as tons
of NO2 - equivalent).
The policy document also set new targets for the closure
of coal - fired heating systems as well as the installation
of equipment to reduce
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide
emissions at power stations, steel mills and cement plants.
The researchers say that the first
of the two NJDEP's petitions shows that the 30,465 tons
of sulfur dioxide emitted by the plant in 2009 was more than double the
sulfur dioxide emissions from all power - generating facilities in New Jersey combined.
«Living downwind
of coal - fired power plant could increase risk
of low birth weight: Study found that babies born during 1990 - 2006 to mothers living as far as 20 to 30 miles away from proven emitter
of sulfur dioxide emissions had 6.5 percent greater risk
of low birth weight and 17.12 percent greater risk
of very low birth weight.»
Specifically, two petitions filed by the New Jersey Department
of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) with the EPA against a Pennsylvania power plant — the Portland Generating Station (PGS)-- show that
sulfur dioxide (SO2)
emissions from the plant have reached four New Jersey counties as far as 20 to 30 miles away.
However, while field measurements
of sulfur dioxide emissions are increasing, they still remain too sparse to piece together a cohesive global picture.
«We can use this to look at trends in
sulfur dioxide emissions on the scale
of an entire volcanic arc.»
If so, then the reduction
of sulfur dioxide (& sulfuric acid) from cleaning up our human
emissions, would also have an effect
of allowing more methane into the atmosphere.
One
of those new laws mandates that by 2003 older power plants must reduce their
emissions of nitrogen oxide (by 50 %) and
sulfur dioxide (by 25 %).
This is more than the capturing
of 41 percent
of sulfur dioxide and 90 percent
of mercury
emissions called for by the new mercury and air toxic standards (MATS) issued by the EPA in December 2011.
Until the 2000s, when
emissions started to rise again,
sulfur dioxide emissions had generally declined since the 1970's because
of emission controls spurred by national regulation and international agreements.
The last decade
of global anthropogenic
sulfur dioxide: 2000 — 2011
emissions.
A result
of PVMBG
of sample gas sampling on the crater by drone, show a drop in SO2 (
sulfur dioxide)
emissions from about 5,000 tonnes per day during the period
of 25 and 29 November to 40 to 200 tonnes per day from 13 to 15 December.
If so, then the reduction
of sulfur dioxide (& sulfuric acid) from cleaning up our human
emissions, would also have an effect
of allowing more methane into the atmosphere.
One
of those new laws mandates that by 2003 older power plants must reduce their
emissions of nitrogen oxide (by 50 %) and
sulfur dioxide (by 25 %).
For the past ten years the plant has been operating without the level
of emissions controls to limit
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide
emissions as stipulated in the Clean Air Act.
In the United States and Europe,
sulfur dioxide emissions have been substantially cut, but only in the last several decades and after the specter
of acid rain gained front - page status.
Once we adopt the perspective that it is unacceptable to use the atmosphere as a sewer, we will address issues related to all sorts
of emissions:
sulfur, black carbon, methane, carbon
dioxide, etc..