Sentences with phrase «emissions projections used»

Not exact matches

This critical question is addressed using simulations from climate models based on projections of future emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols.

The good news is if combustion emissions decline in coming decades, as most projections say, fine - particle pollution will go down even if fertilizer use doubles as expected, according to the new study published in Geophysical Research Letters, a journal of the American Geophysical Union.

They used those readings to estimate NOx emissions from soil, after subtracting local estimates from the CARB California Emissions Projection Analysis Model of NOx emissions derived from fossemissions from soil, after subtracting local estimates from the CARB California Emissions Projection Analysis Model of NOx emissions derived from fossEmissions Projection Analysis Model of NOx emissions derived from fossemissions derived from fossil fuels.

In the team's new analysis, Smith and Mizrahi use what they contend are more reasonable projections for emissions reductions, a more conservative timeline for the development and deployment of methane - capture technology, and more realistic estimates for how quickly Earth's climate will respond to reductions in methane and soot.

Scientists have developed and used Global Climate Models (GCMs) to simulate the global climate and make projections of future AT and other climatic variables under different carbon emission scenarios in the 21st century.

Lin also plans to use their data to make projections about Salt Lake's emissions future, including the city's goal to reduce CO2 emissions by 80 percent by the year 2040.

RCP (representative concentration pathways) Imagined plausible trends in greenhouse gas emissions and resulting concentrations in the atmosphere used in climate projection models.

As we discussed recently in connection with climate «forecasting `, the kinds of simulations used in AR4 are all «projections» i.e. runs that attempt to estimate the forced response of the climate to emission changes, but that don't attempt to estimate the trajectory of the unforced «weather».

The Liquid Xenon Gamma - Ray Imaging Telescope (LXeGRIT) is a balloon - borne experiment which uses a liquid xenon time projection chamber (LXeTPC) to image gamma - ray emission from cosmic sources in the 0.15 -10 MeV energy band.

Known as a «co-benefit,» using state of the art models for human and natural systems, along with climate projections from the international community, the team was able for the first time to put a value on the global air pollution benefits of cutting greenhouse gas emissions over the 21st century.

The Copenhagen Diagnosis authors used IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) projections as well as post-AR4 analysis to estimate that emissions reductions of around 40 % from industrial nations are needed to make it likely to keep global warming below 2 °C.

The Climate Impact Lab's sea - level rise projections use a framework that ties together multiple threads of information to assess the probability of local sea - level changes around the world, under different future emissions scenarios.

This paper provides an overview of recent trends in light - duty vehicle fuel economy around the world, new projections, and a discussion of fuel economy technology opportunities and costs over the next 30 - 50 years - all in the context of recent IEA projections of global energy use (especially oil use) and CO2 emissions.

CAP AND TRADE: Proceeds from the cap - and - trade system — which is designed to reduce Ontario's greenhouse gas emissions — are projected to be $ 1.9 billion in 2017 — up from last year's projection of $ 1.3 billion — and will be used to invest in green projects and climate change initiatives.

Researchers at Stanford University who closely track China's power sector, coal use, and carbon dioxide emissions have done an initial rough projection and foresee China possibly emitting somewhere between 1.9 and 2.6 billion tons less carbon dioxide from 2008 to 2010 than it would have under «business as usual» if current bearish trends for the global economy hold up.

Alternatively, you can create your own CO2 concentration projections based on your own emission and ocean / biosphere sink / source scenarios using this carbon cycle applet created by Galen McKinley at Madison, which can then be integrated into EdGCM.

Sensitivity analysis shows that future fire potential depends on many factors such as climate model and emission scenario used for climate change projection.

He did flag that he was using RCP8.5 projections, which are the highest emissions trajectory of the 4 scenarios developed for AR5 (comparable to A2 scenario in IPCC AR4, which has the highest CO2 emissions in the near - term if I understand it correctly).

Current attempts by national governments worldwide to control industrial CO2 emissions following the recommendations of the IPCC could be viewed within the scientific paradigm as the projection of a large scale experiment on the earth's climate system to validate the hypothesis that anthropogenic CO2 emissions through the burning of fossil fuels and land use changes (inter alia) are a major factor driving climate change.

Specifically, if sulphur emissions as estimated in Stern D. I. (2005) «Global sulfur emissions from 1850 to 2000», Chemosphere 58, 163 - 175 and the database supporting that paper are substituted for those that were used to produce the SRES and / or ABARE projections, what is the effect on the global mean temperature up to now, and the projected increase between now and 2030?

DOE has already completed 29 sets of standards for various equipment, appliances and building codes, with dozens more coming, and so we used the emissions difference between EIA's Reference and «Extended Policies» projections.

Using business - as - usual scenarios for reactive nitrogen creation and CO2 emissions, several projections suggest that O3 - related human mortality and crop damage will rise sharply in the next few decades, especially in tropical and subtropical regions where rising temperatures and rising NOx concentrations will interact synergistically to produce more O3.

Input data for this step includes the country - level population projection used for the RCP4.5 scenario, a gridded base - year GDP data set from van Vuuren et al. (2007), who combined World Bank GDP information with the GPW gridded population data set (CIESIN & CIAT 2005), and year 2000 gridded emissions data from Lamarque et al. (2010).

The good news: if industrial emissions decline in coming decades, as most projections say, fine - particle pollution will go down even if fertilizer use doubles as expected.

Most UN climate projections already anticipate that the world will develop and use «negative - emissions technologies» at some point in the future — that is, some technology that can scrub carbon from the air.

A «business as usual» scenario is frequently used as the basis for projections of how the future climate will evolve in the absence of climate policy that seeks to reduce emissions.

For their future climate projections, Gillett et al. use five - member ensembles of scenario simulations from 2006 — 2100 with RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5 emissions scenarios.

A quick glance at the graph you cite shows the projected CO2 levels under a scenario with us limiting Fossil Fuel Emissions — this is the projection IF we take action to limit fossil fuel use.

Concentration scenarios, derived from emission scenarios, are used as input to a climate model to compute climate projections.

Most economic models, including those used to produce projections of future greenhouse gas emissions, are not capable of modeling abrupt changes such as these.

Clearly a «climate projection» IS a «climate prediction, using the IPCC definitions, when the emission / concentration / radiative forcing scenario actually has occurred.

Global climate projections for 2050 and 2100 have, amongst other purposes, been used to inform potential mitigation policies, i.e. to get a sense of the challenge we are facing in terms of CO2 emission reductions.

Climate projections are distinguished from climate predictions in order to emphasize that climate projections depend upon the emission / concentration / radiative forcing scenario used, which are based on assumptions concerning, for example, future socioeconomic and technological developments that may or may not be realised and are therefore subject to substantial uncertainty.

INDC Scenario 1 shows the level of emissions consistent with meeting the INDC targets if independent GDP growth rate projections from the IMF and OECD are used for the intensity target calculations (see footnote 10 for more information).

In addition, studies use projections of emissions to estimate future emissions for those countries, sectors and gases not covered by an INDC.

The large range among projections stems mostly from uncertainty about future energy use and greenhouse gas emissions.

Mr. Romm does not use any of the emissions scenarios that are the starting point for IPCC climate projections, but instead has developed a forecast for carbon emissions (which are «rising faster than the most pessimistic economic model considered by the IPCC»).

The historical GHG emissions / removals data, used as reference for the projections data, are available for the base year, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2011.

The paper by Meinshausen et al. (2011b) describes how the IAM's emission projections of long - lived greenhouse gases were harmonized and used for calculating concentration trajectories for these gases.

The early projection of India's 2017 carbon emissions used by the Global Carbon Project was for 2 % growth with a range of 0.2 % — 3.8 %.

The words «concentration pathway» are meant to emphasize that these RCPs are not the final new, fully integrated scenarios (i.e. they are not a complete package of socio - economic, emission and climate projections), but instead are internally consistent sets of projections of the components of radiative forcing that are used in subsequent phases.

The multimodel mean summer (JJA) PDSI variability over the American Southwest for 1850 — 2100 (in red) is based on 17 CMIP5 model projections and using the RCP 8.5 emissions scenario (data from 24).

A new study by the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) estimates heavy fuel oil (HFO) use, HFO carriage, the use and carriage of other fuels, black carbon (BC) emissions, and emissions of other air and climate pollutants for the year 2015, with projections to 2020 and 2025.

Yet, according to ICAO's 2013 projections, shown in the graph below, emissions from the aviation industry are set to grow 200 % -360 % on current levels by 2050, including the maximum use of lower - carbon alternative fuels.

This study demonstrates that the land - use scenario has a considerable influence on the projections of temperature extremes for low - emission scenarios.

In short: The FAR projections were not exact matches to observed history, but the models they used appear to be in the right range for predicting trends vs. GHG emissions.

If we examine the climate models chosen by the IPCC to make their projections of future climate change resulting from human greenhouse gas (and particulate) emissions, we find that instead of using models with a 20 percent lower transient climate sensitivity, the transient sensitivity of the models used by the IPCC is the same in the AR5 as in the AR4.

Projections of U.S. transportation energy use indicate that better vehicle efficiency and low - carbon fuels will not be sufficient to reach sectoral emissions reduction goals if travel demand grows at pre-recession rates, so managing demand will be a key ingredient of climate policy for the sector.

Climate projections are distinguished from a href = «c.html #climate - predictions» > climate predictions in order to emphasize that climate projections depend upon the emission / concentration / radiative forcing scenario used, which are based on assumptions concerning, for example, future socioeconomic and technological developments that may or may not be realized and are therefore subject to substantial uncertainty.

As noted in Section 18.4.3, the effect of increased emissions due to adaptation is likely to be small in most sectors in relation to the baseline projections of energy use and greenhouse - gas emissions.