Sentences with phrase «emissions range estimated»

A plug - in hybrid version is also set to be available with a zero emissions range estimated at 30 km.

Not exact matches

If we put a price on those emissions of $ 50 - 200 per tonne, reflecting some recent estimates of the external costs of carbon emissions, we get a range of $ 4 - 20 billion in environmental costs just from GHG emissions.

In three separate indoor UV chambers, Benca exposed the dwarf pines to 7.5, 10 and 13 times Berkeley's normal UV - B intensity, in line with estimates of the impact Siberian Trap eruptions would have had on the ozone layer if their emissions occurred over various lengths of time, ranging from 400,000 years to less than 200,000 years.

The best estimates of the increase in global temperatures range from 1.8 to 4.0 degrees C for the various emission scenarios, with higher emissions leading to higher temperatures.

The estimates of the rise in sea level during the 21st century range from about 30 to 40 centimeters, again depending on emissions.

The researchers estimate that methane emissions from the distribution system range from approximately 393 to 854 gigagrams per year, which is between 0.1 and 0.2 percent of the methane delivered nationwide.

Current cost estimates for sending the gas deep underground are in the range of tens of dollars per metric ton of CO2, so sequestering one gigaton (Gt) a year — roughly one sixth of U.S. emissions — would cost tens of billions of dollars annually.

In the new paper, published in the journal Environmental Research Letters, Höglund - Isaksson estimated global methane emissions from oil and gas systems in over 100 countries over a 32 - year period, using a variety of country - specific data ranging from reported volumes of associated gas to satellite imagery that can show flaring, as well as atmospheric measurements of ethane, a gas which is released along with methane and easier to link more directly to oil and gas activities.

«Given that the average capacity of the registered projects and those in the validation pipeline are in the range of 2,000 - 3,000 [megawatts], resulting in a large amount of emission reductions per project activity, extra caution should be given to ensure that the baseline emissions are estimated in a transparent and conservative manner,» the panel says in its recommendation to the Executive Board.

Using the AKARI high resolution data we find a new «tepid» dust grain population at a temperature of ~ 35K and with an estimated mass of 0.06 sola... ▽ More We use new large area far infrared maps ranging from 65 - 500 microns obtained with the AKARI and the Balloon - borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) missions to characterize the dust emission toward the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant (SNR).

However, other independent analyses have, based on a range of assumptions, methodologies and data sources, attempted to estimate the impact of the INDCs on temperature leading to a range of average estimates below, at or above 3 degrees C. Importantly all deliver more or less similar emission levels in 2025 and 2030 and all confirm that the INDCs, if fully implemented, are an important advance on previous scenarios.

In combination with the 1.6 - liter direct - injected engine, Ioniq Hybrid offers an estimated total system output of 139 horsepower while providing low emissions, outstanding efficiency and range.

Rated at an EPA - estimated 26 miles of All - Electric Range, Niro PHEV can help some drivers consume less gasoline in most driving conditions and in all - electric mode it produces zero emissions.

Compared to the 2005 Civic Hybrid with a CVT and AT - PZEV emissions, the 23 percent more powerful 115 - horsepower fourth generation Honda IMA powertrain provides stronger starting and overtaking acceleration compared to its predecessor while its city and highway combined EPA estimated fuel economy of 50 mpg provides a maximum driving range over 615 or more miles.

The Honda Clarity offers an EPA - estimated range of 366 miles — the longest range of any zero - emission vehicle.

The maximum range in EV Mode with zero emissions is estimated at 30 km.

Give it a full tank of gas and a full battery charge, and Honda estimates you'll see upwards of 330 miles of range, while all - electric, non-local emissions range comes in at 42 miles, a number that Honda claims as the «longest of any mid-size plug - in hybrid.»

As Kia's third plug - in model after the Soul EV and the Optima PHEV, and anticipated in retailer showrooms by the end of this year, the Niro PHEV offers an estimated 26 miles (42 km) of all - electric range, 105 MPGe, 46 mpg combined, and Super Ultra-Low Emissions.

The latest EPA estimate for methane emissions from shale gas falls within the range of our estimates but not those of Cathles et al, which are substantially lower.

By some estimates, cumulative emissions in 2014 might be higher than the models simply be because emissions were consistently above the RCP range between 2005 - 2014.

My personal feeling is that the best estimates of the incremental impact of KXL are in the mid-range of the State Department estimates, or the lower end of the EPA range — 10 - 15 Mt / yr of incremental emissions.

This model - based range is shown as the grey band (labelled «Several models all SRES envelope» in the original Figure 5 of the TAR SPM) and ranged from 21 to 70 cm, while the central estimate for each emission scenario is shown as a coloured dashed line.

Ok, between your rough calculation and tonto52's / max's discussion about ocean sink uptake, the range of estimated temp increase could be 2.2 deg C (worse case) and 1.0 deg C (best case) if a stringent 50 % emission reduction plan were successfully implemented.

The models used to calculate a Social Cost of Carbon for use in estimating the benefits of reducing carbon emissions fall far short of including a wide range of expected damages from global climate disruption.

For the year 1990, when these estimates are included in total CO2 emissions, the percentage reductions in emissions ranged from 1 to 81 percent, and for Australia and the United Kingdom, the emissions added 24 and 3 percent, respectively.

The solid line shows the current «best estimate» of the temperature change; the dotted lines show the range of uncertainty in the climate response to these emissions.

g A range of estimates of emissions from cultivated peatlands and non-viable drainage areas were included, thus a range for the total estimates from land - use change and forestry are given in

Depending on the emissions scenario (B1, A2, A1FI) our semi-empirical estimates (central estimates published 2009) range between ca. 1.0 and 1.4 meters for the period 1990 - 2100.

The wheel on the right depicts their estimate of the range of probability of potential global temperature change over the next 100 years if no policy change is enacted on curbing greenhouse gas emissions.

A range of future SLR is estimated from a set of climate simulations governed by lower (B1), middle — upper (A2), and higher (A1fi) GHG emission scenarios.

These budgets give the lowest estimates of allowed emissions and are the simplest to convert into policy advice, but they suffer from the same problem of probabilistic interpretation as TEBs since they are dependent on simple climate models with uncertainty ranges calibrated to the CMIP5 ensemble.

> Advances in climate change modelling now enable best estimates and likely assessed uncertainty ranges to be given for projected warming for different emission scenarios.

Our method consists of deriving a range of idealized CO2 emission pathways and using a simple coupled climate — carbon - cycle model to estimate the resulting climate change.

Estimates of the value of tradable emissions allowances in the first year range from roughly $ 2.6 billion to $ 7.8 billion, when electricity and industry are covered under the program.

The 90 % confidence level is estimated to be ± 0.2 W m — 2, reflecting the uncertainty in total dust emissions and burdens and the range of possible anthropogenic dust fractions.

• Poles to tropics temperature gradient, average temp of tropics over past 540 Ma; and arguably warming may be net - beneficial overall • Quotes from IPCC AR4 WG1 showing that warming would be beneficial for life, not damaging • Quotes from IPCC AR5 WG3 stating (in effect) that the damage functions used for estimating damages are not supported by evidence • Richard Tol's breakdown of economic impacts of GW by sector • Economic damages of climate change — about the IAMs • McKitrick — Social Cost of Carbon much lower than commonly stated • Bias on impacts of GHG emissions — Figure 1 is a chart showing 15 recent estimates of SCC — Lewis and Curry, 2015, has the lowest uncertainty range.

To the extent possible, the scenarios were mutually consistent, such that scenarios of population (United Nations medium range estimate) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP)(moderate growth) were broadly in line with the transient scenario of greenhouse gas emissions (based on the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) scenario A, see Hansen et al., 1988), and hence CO2 concentrations.

In fact, in the annual Global Carbon Budget 2016 published in November 2016, we still estimated that Chinese emissions would be down 0.5 % for the year, based on monthly data through September, albeit with a wide uncertainty range from 3.8 % down to 1.3 % up.

The authors recognize that there «remains a range of estimates on the magnitude and regional expression of future change» but state with certainty that «[f] urther climate change is inevitable» and «if emissions of greenhouse gases continue unabated, future changes will substantially exceed those that have occurred so far.»

Zhang et al. (1997) estimated that about 800 Tg yr — 1 of Asian dust emissions are injected into the atmosphere annually, about 30 % of which is re-deposited onto the deserts and 20 % is transported over regional scales, while the remaining approximately 50 % is subject to long - range transport to the Pacific Ocean and beyond.

The change in emissions since pre-industrial times is estimated to lie in the range 160 — 260 TgCH4 / y, compared with the current best guess for anthropogenic emissions of 360 TgCH4 / y.

Emissions due to land use changes between 2002 and 2011 are dominated by tropical deforestation, and are estimated to range between 0.1 to 1.7 PgC / year.

Nonetheless, current agricultural emissions of CH4 and N20 are estimated at 5 to 6 Gt CO2e annually, and we use that range as our floor.

The research, conducted by an international team of scientists from a range of institutions, is presented in a series of seven academic papers that estimate change in land use and greenhouse gas emissions from oil palm expansion in the three countries, review the social and environmental impacts of palm oil production, forecast potential growth in the sector across the region, and detail methods for measuring emissions and carbon stocks of plantations establishing on peatlands.

Only 50 % Reduction in Upstream Emissions Possible According to the report Carbon Capture and Storage in the Alberta Tar Sands, CCS «has limited potential to reduce upstream emissions to levels comparable with the average for conventional oil,» with «even the most optimistic estimates from industry experts» showing reductions in the 10 - 30 % range in the medium term and up to 50 % in the lEmissions Possible According to the report Carbon Capture and Storage in the Alberta Tar Sands, CCS «has limited potential to reduce upstream emissions to levels comparable with the average for conventional oil,» with «even the most optimistic estimates from industry experts» showing reductions in the 10 - 30 % range in the medium term and up to 50 % in the lemissions to levels comparable with the average for conventional oil,» with «even the most optimistic estimates from industry experts» showing reductions in the 10 - 30 % range in the medium term and up to 50 % in the long term.

For China's annual emissions in 2008, the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency estimated an uncertainty range of about 10 %.

Nonetheless, economists do their best to make a range of reasonable estimates for plausible futures and calculate the resulting changes in emissions.

There is a wide range in the estimated heat - trapping emissions and other environmental impacts from each biofuel over its life cycle (i.e., from farm to finished fuel to use in the vehicle), depending on the feedstock, production process, and model inputs and assumptions.

It gives a TCR range of 1.0C - 2.5 C and a transient response to cumulative CO2 emissions of 0.8C - 2.5 C. Again, no best estimates, so they really don't know what climate sensitivity might actually be; could be low, could be high.

A new analysis from the World Resources Institute (WRI) seeks to answer that question by looking at seven different studies that estimate what the US» annual emissions levels will be in 2025 under a range of possible scenarios based on Trump's policies (such as whether the Trump Admin succeeds in overturning the Clean Power Plan or not) versus what would happen if Obama's policies were left intact.